AP Biology Unit 1 Flashcards

15482837817	Organic Compounds	carbon based molecules	0
15482837818	Functional Groups	chemical groups attached to carbon skeletons that give compounds their functionality	1
15482837819	Hydrophilic	water loving (soluble in water)	2
15482837820	Hydroxyl Group	-OH	3
15482837821	Carboxyl Group	-COOH	4
15482837822	Amino Group	-NH2	5
15482837823	Macromolecules	Large molecules such as: carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids	6
15482837824	Polymers	a large molecule consisting of many monomers linked together	7
15482837825	Monomers	one of the repeating parts of a polymer	8
15482837826	Dehydration Reaction	a reaction that removes water and combines monomers into polymers	9
15482837827	Hydrolysis	a reaction where adding water breaks up a polymer into monomers	10
15482837828	Enzymes	specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells	11
15482837829	Carbohydrate	molecules ranging from the small sugar molecules to large polysaccharides like starches	12
15482837830	Starch	a storage molecule used by plants	13
15482837831	Glycogen	Molecule made by animals to store glucose	14
15482837832	Hydrophobic	water fearing	15
15482837833	Unsaturated Fatty Acid	fatty acid containing one or more double bonds - not saturated with Hydrogen	16
15482837834	Saturated Fatty Acid	fatty acid containing only single bonds - full of hydrogens	17
15482837835	Phospholipids	contain a phosphate group and attach to 2 fatty acids rather than three - makes cell membranes	18
15482837836	Steroids	lipids containing 4 fused rings	19
15482837837	Cholesterol	component in cell membranes - comes from animal fats	20
15482837838	Protein	a molecule made of amino acids	21
15482837839	Amino Acids	Monomers (building blocks) of proteins	22
15482837840	Peptide Bond	covalent linkage between peptides to form a poly peptide	23
15482837841	Polypeptide	a polymer made of peptides	24
15482837842	DNA	genetic inheritance polymer - Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid	25
15482837843	Are most carbohydrates are hydrophilic or hydrophobic?	hydrophilic	26
15482837844	Are fats and lipids are hydrophilic or hydrophibic?	hydrophobic	27
15482837845	Denaturation	proteins or enzymes, lose their specific shape, and changes its function	28
15482837846	Nucleotide	monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base	29
15482837847	Antiparallel	The opposite arrangement of the sugar-phosphate backbones in a DNA double helix.	30
15482837848	Contains C, H, O	Carbohydrates and lipids	31
15482837849	Contains C, H, O, N, and sometimes S	Proteins	32
15482837850	Contains C, H, O, N, and P	Nucleic Acids	33
15482837851	Primary Structure	The first level of protein structure; the specific sequence of amino acids making up a polypeptide chain.	34
15482837852	Secondary Structure	The second level of protein structure; the regular local patterns of coils or folds of a polypeptide chain.	35
15482837853	Tertiary Structure	The third level of protein structure; the overall, three-dimensional shape of a polypeptide due to interactions of the R groups of the amino acids making up the chain.	36
15482837854	Quaternary structure	The fourth level of protein structure; the shape resulting from the association of two or more polypeptide subunits.	37
15482837855	Purine	a nitrogenous base that has a double-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; either adenine or guanine	38
15482837856	Pyrimidine	a nitrogenous base that has a single-ring structure; one of the two general categories of nitrogenous bases found in DNA and RNA; thymine, cytosine, or uracil	39
15482837857	peptide	short chain of amino acids	40
15482837858	Lipids	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	41