Biochemistry Flashcards

10949109769	hydrophilic	Attracted to water	0
10949116371	hydrophobic	avoids water	1
10949123463	acid	has a low pH and a high concentration of H+	2
10949135843	base	has a high pH and a high concentration of OH-	3
10949150355	macromolecule	large biological molecule	4
10949162243	polymer	large compound formed from combinations of many monomers	5
10949175130	monomer	The subunit that serves as the building block of a polymer.	6
10949187278	carbohydrate	compound made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms; major source of energy for the human body	7
10949190978	monosaccharide	the simplest carbohydrate; a single sugar such as glucose	8
10949204105	disaccharide	2 monosaccharides joined together; a double sugar	9
10949214996	polysaccharide	a complex carbohydrate such as starch or glycogen	10
10949232083	lipid	a hydrophobic macromolecule that contains C, H, and O; consists of triglycerides, waxes and phospholipids	11
10949250954	triglyceride	a type of lipid that is made of 3 fatty acids joined to a glycerol molecule	12
10949264552	saturated	describes a lipid that is solid at room temperature	13
10949275892	unsaturated	describes a lipid that is liquid at room temperature	14
10949282887	protein	the most diverse type of macromolecule; contains C, H, O and N and forms complex 3D shapes	15
10949298171	amino acid	Building blocks of protein; 20 different types, each with a different "R" group	16
10949315040	nucleic acid	macromolecule containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus; carry hereditary information	17
10949322488	DNA	deoxyribonucleic acid; found within the nucleus of all living things	18
10949330856	RNA	ribonucleic acid; single stranded and is used to transfer the information from DNA outside of the nucleus	19
10949362117	surface tension	the property of water that allowed you to balance a paperclip on the surface	20
10949384252	cohesion	molecules stick together	21
10949388978	adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	22
11048548783	active transport	Energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference	23
11048548784	passive transport	the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell	24
11048555519	simple diffusion	movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration	25
11048558920	facilitated diffusion	Movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels; does not require energy	26
11048595810	endocytosis	process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane	27
11048595811	exocytosis	release of substances out a cell by the fusion of a vesicle with the membrane.	28
11048600469	vesicle	A membrane bound sac that contains materials involved in transport of the cell.	29
11048607485	semipermeable	allows only certain substances to pass through	30
11048618943	hypertonic	Having a higher concentration of solute than another solution.	31
11048629260	hypotonic	Having a lower concentration of solute than another solution	32
11048632509	isotonic	when the concentration of two solutions is the same	33