AP World History Chapter 34 Flashcards

13506846775	Bangladesh	Founded as an independent nation in 1972; formerly East Pakistan.	0
13506846776	Daughter of Jawaharlal Nehru; installed as a figurehead prime minister by the Congress party bosses in 1966; a strong-willed and astute politician, she soon became the central figure in India politics, a position she maintained through the 1970s and passed on to her sons.	Indira Gandhi	1
13506846777	Corazon Aquino	First president of the Philippines in the post-Marcos era of late 1980s; she served from 1986 to 1992; Aquino, who husband was assassinated by thugs in the pay of the Marcos regime, was one of the key leaders in the popular movement that toppled the dictator.	2
13506846778	Jawaharlal Nehru	One of the Gandhi's disciples; governed India after independence; committed to program of social reform and economic development; preserved civil rights and democracy.	3
13506846779	Benazir Bhutto	Twice prime minister of Pakistan in the 1980s and 1990s; first ran for office to avenge her father's execution by the military clique then in power.	4
13506846780	religious revivalism	An approach to religious belief and practice that stresses the literal interpretation of texts sacred to the religion in question and the application of their precepts to all aspects of social life; increasingly associated with revivalist movements in a number of world religions, including Christianity, Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism.	5
13506846781	primary products	food or industrial crops for which there is a high demand in industrialized economies; prices of such products tend to fluctuate widely; typically the primary exports of Third World economies.	6
13506846782	neocolonial economy	Industrialization nations' continued dominance of the world economy; ability of the industrialized nations to maintain economic colonialism without political colonialism.	7
13506846783	Gamal Abdul	Took power in Egypt following a military coup in 1952; enacted land reforms and used state resources to reduce unemployment; ousted Britain from the Suez Canal.	8
13506846784	Free Officers movement	Military nationalist movement in Egypt founded in the 1930s; often allied with the Muslim Borhterhood; led coup to seize Egyptian government from khedive in July 1952.	9
13506846785	Muslim Brotherhood	Egyptian nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna in 1928; committed to fundamentalists movement in Islam; fostered strikes and urban riots agaisnt the khedival government.	10
13506846786	Anwar Sadat	Successor to Gamal Abdul Nasser as ruler of Egypt; acted to dismantle costly state programs; accepted peace treaty with Israel in 1973; opened Egypt to investment by Western nations.	11
13506846787	Hosni Mubarak	President of Egypt since 1981, succeeding Anwar Sadat and continuing his policies of cooperation with the West.	12
13506846788	Green Revolution	Introduction of improved seed strains, fertilizers, and irrigation as a means of producing higher yields in crops such as rice, wheat, and corn; particular important in the densely populated countries of Asia.	13
13506846789	Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini	Religious ruler of Iran following revolution of 1979 to expel the Pahlavi shah of Iran; emphasized religious purification; tried to eliminate Western influences and establish purely Islamic government.	14
13506846790	homelands	Under apartheid, areas in South Africa designated for ethno-linguistic groups with the black African population, such areas tend to be overpopulated and poverty-stricken.	15
13506846791	African National Congress	Black political organization within South Africa; pressed for end to policies of apartheid; sought open democracy leading to black majority rule, until the 1990s declared illegal in South Africa.	16
13506846792	Walter Sisulu	Black African leader who, along with Nelson Mandela, opposed apartheid system in South Africa.	17
13506846793	Nelson Mandela	Long-imprisoned leader of the African National Congress party; worked with the ANC leadership and F.W. de Klerk's supporters to dismantle the apartheid system from the mid 1990s onward; in 1994, became the first black prime minister of South Africa after the ANC won the first genuinely democratic elections in the country's history.	18
13506846794	Steve Biko	An organizer of Black Consciousness movement in South Africa, in opposition to apartheid, murdered while in police custody.	19
13506846795	F.W. de Klerk	White South African prime minister in the late 1990s and early 1990s. Working with Nelson Mandela and the African National Congress, helped to dismantle the apartheid system and opened the way for a democratically elected government that represented all South Africans for the first time.	20