AP World Review Period 3 - 600 CE -1450 CE Flashcards

9675352188	Sufism	school of esoteric philosophy in Islam, which is based on the pursuit of spiritual truth as a definite goal to attain. In modern language it might also be referred to as Islamic spirituality or Islamic mysticism.	0
9675352195	astrolabe	an instrument that was used to determine the altitude of objects (like the sun) in the sky. It was first used around 200 BC by astronomers in Greece. The astrolabe was replaced by the sextant	1
9675352198	Aztec Empire	powerful Indian empire founded on Lake Texcoco (Mexico)	2
9675352201	Bedouins	Nomadic Arabs who originally inhabited desert areas of the Middle East and northern Africa and later began to move to other parts of the region	3
9675352208	Charlemagne	king of the Franks and Holy Roman Emperor; conqueror of the Lombards and Saxons (742-814) Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany (800 C.E). He helped restore some church-based education in western Europe, and the level of intellectual activity began a slow recovering. After death, the empire could not survive.	4
9675352212	civil service exam	Exam all Chinese government official-to-be's had to go through in order to prove themselves. Very rigorous, although once you passed, instant success was guaranteed.	5
9675352213	Code of chivalry	The collective term for the social codes of knighthood that originated in France in the Middle Ages. It was based on brave, courteous and honourable behaviour - what came to be known as 'gentlemanly conduct.'	6
9675352214	Code of the samurai	Also called bushi-do, which literally means "road of the warrior."; Based on principles of loyalty, courage and honor	7
9675352218	daimyo	Warlord rulers who divided Japan into 300 little kingdoms	8
9675352221	excommunication	banishment from certain religion & Church	9
9675352223	Feudalism	system where lords provided protection/aid to serfs in return for labor	10
9675352229	Genghis Khan	(1170s - 1227) from 1206 khagan of all Mongol tribes; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China and territories as far west as the Abbasid regions. successful military leader, united mongol tribes, was the founder of the mongol empire (1206-1368)	11
9675352230	Golden Horde	one of four subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Genghis Khan's death; territory covered much of present south-central Russia. a state established in Russia, one of the four kingdoms in the mongol empire	12
9675352236	hajj	Muslim pilgrimage to Mecca	13
9675352244	Hundred Years' War	(1337 - 1453) conflict between England and France -fought over lands England possessed in France (issue of feudal rights vs. emerging claims of national states)	14
9675352248	Incan	Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures. Term also used for leader of empire	15
9675352257	khanates	region ruled under a khan, divided kingdoms under the mongol empire	16
9675352266	Magna Carta	Great Charter issued by King John of England in 1215; confirmed feudal rights against monarchial claims; represented principle of mutual limits and obligations between rulers and feudal aristocracy. Nobles fed up with King John made him sign Great Charter (Magna Carta) that made sure king got approval of aristocracy before imposing taxes, etc, limited king's power	17
9675352268	Mali	Country of western Africa; During the Middle Ages, Mali formed a huge territorial empire, noted as a center of Islamic study and as a trade route for gold. Its center was Timbuktu	18
9675352270	manorialism	Organization of rural economy and society by three classes of manors: a lord's own land, serf holdings, and free peasant land	19
9675352272	Mansa Musa	African King who made pilgrimage to Mecca, and gave out so much gold, that worth of gold dropped rapidly	20
9675352273	Marco Polo	A Venetian trader that went and learned about China under Kublai Khan	21
9675352278	medieval	relating to the Middle Ages	22
9675352283	Middle Ages	Time period between the postclassical era and the renaissance. Consists of Dark Ages and the High Middle Ages, in which the latter saw an improvement in trade, economy, and lives of peasants.	23
9675352288	mita	Mandatory public service by society in ancient South America. During the Inca empire, public service was required in public works projects such as the building of road and military services	24
9675352293	Mongol Peace	Pax Mongolica - Mongols brought peace to almost the entire Asian continent because they tolerated and encouraged diversity, especially religions	25
9675352296	Moors	The Medieval Muslim inhabitants of al-Andalus and the Maghreb. They captured Spain in 700s, and were expelled from Spain in 1492	26
9675352298	movable type	invented in China in the mid-eleventh century. Individual characters made of fired clay were assembled and glued onto a plate to create a printing block. Introduced in Europe in the 15th century	27
9675352308	Parliament	Beginning in England with a House of lords (aristocracy) and House of Commons (rich merchants) governing legislative body	28
9675352309	parliamentary system	representative government led by a prime minister	29
9675352310	Peasant	Agricultural worker that works land they own or rented	30
9675352332	seppuku	ritual suicide/disembowelment in Japan (hara-kiri); demonstrating courage and restoring family honor	31
9675352334	Serfs	peasant agricultural laborers within the manorial system of the Middle Ages	32
9675352337	Shogunate (bakufu)	military government in 12th century Japan... established by the Minamoto after the Gempei Wars... retained emperor but real power resided in military government and samurai	33
9675352341	Song	Chinese dynasty that united the entire country until 1127 and the southern portion until 1279, during which time northern China was controlled by the Juchen tribes	34
9675352342	Songhay Empire	successor to Mali empire, fusion of Islam, pagan, took over Niger valley, dominant in area until Muslims with muskets	35
9675352346	steppes	a vast semiarid grass-covered plain, found in southeast Europe and Mongolia	36
9675352351	Swahili	A Bantu language of the coast and islands of eastern Africa from Somalia to Mozambique	37
9675352361	Thousand and One Nights	Arabian Nights' Entertainment: a collection of folktales in Arabic dating from the 10th century	38
9675352363	Timbuktu	Port city of Mali; located just off the flood plain on the great bend in the Niger River	39
9675352373	viking/Norse	members of military elite who received land or benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty. Subordinate who, in exchange for land, gives loyalty	40
9675352378	William the Conquerer	A military commander exercising civil power in a region, whether in nominal allegiance to the national government or in defiance of it	41