[node:title] Flashcards

14604142782	alliteration	the repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables.	0
14604146269	allusion	an indirect reference, often to another text or a historic event	1
14604155078	analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
14604174194	anaphora	the repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
14604178742	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	4
14604184351	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to a text	5
14604186740	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
14604189984	antimetabole	the repetition of words in an inverted to sharpen a contrast	7
14604194789	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	8
14604195901	aphorism	a short, astute statement of a general truth	9
14604197175	appositive	a word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	10
14604205392	archaic diction	the use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated anguage	11
14604208116	argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence	12
14604212506	aristotelian triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle)	13
14604214416	assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration. an assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument.	14
14604220504	assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	15
14604226956	asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	16
14604230157	attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	17
14604232496	audience	one's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	18
14604235493	authority	a reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	19
14604236686	bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	20
14604240294	cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	21
14604240919	claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	22
14604242062	close reading	a careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text	23
14604249050	colloquial(ism)	an informal or conversational use of language.	24
14604252086	common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	25
14604253363	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	26
14604261619	concession	a reluctant acknowledgement of yielding	27
14604262448	connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation)	28
14604269885	context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	29
14604270864	coordination	grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	30
14604280928	counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	31
14604282327	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by a series of subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	32
14604288045	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	33
14604289258	deduction	reasoning from general to specific	34
14604294429	denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition	35
14604296073	diction	word choice	36
14604298676	documentation	bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	37
14604302353	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	38
14604304545	epigram	a brief, witty statement	39
14604308761	ethos	a greek term referring to the character of a person; one of aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos)	40
14604315242	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech; going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	41
14604316829	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	42
14604320073	hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	43
14604322608	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)	44
14604325239	imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands.	45
14604326603	induction	reasoning from specific to general	46
14604327796	inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	47
14604329191	irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result.	48
14604331015	juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	49
14604333906	logos	a greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	50
14604389023	metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	51
14604394254	metonymy	use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	52
14604398415	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason fro writing	53
14604400167	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory	54
14604406593	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	55
14604407180	parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	56
14604407895	parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule.	57
14604410693	pathos	a greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos)	58
14604415612	persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	59
14604420253	personification	assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	60
14604423304	polemic	an argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	61
14604425753	polysyndeton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	62
14604430632	premise: major, minor	two parts of a syllogism. the concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. major premise: all mammals are warm-blooded minor premise: all horses are mammals conclusion: all horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism)	63
14604451211	propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	64
14604453589	purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	65
14604455757	refute	to discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	66
14604461338	rhetoric	the study of effective, persuasive language use; according to aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	67
14604465667	rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	68
14604467173	rhetorical question	a question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	69
14604469354	rhetorical triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see aristotelian triangle)	70
14604471616	satire	an ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	71
14604473392	scheme	a pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	72
14604477390	sentence patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex	73
14604478901	sentence variety	using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	74
14604480819	simile	a figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	75
14604487587	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	76
14604491336	source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	77
14604492200	speaker	a term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	78
14604846069	straw man	a logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	79
14604846418	style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	80
14604852236	subject	in rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	81
14604853923	subordinate clause	created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	82
14604856373	subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	83
14604858230	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor)	84
14604862758	syntax	sentence structure	85
14604865076	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	86
14604867721	thesis	the central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	87
14604869957	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	88
14604871347	tone	the speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	89
14604875891	topic sentence	a sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis	90
14604878458	trope	artful diction; the use of language in a non-literal way; also called a figure of speech	91
14604879900	understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	92
14604881441	voice	in grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). in rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	93
14604884146	zeugma	a construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence.	94