[node:title] Flashcards

12621940590	active voice	when the sentence's subject performs the action	0
12621940591	ad hominem argument	directed to or appealing to feelings or prejudices instead to intellect or reason	1
12621944472	adjective	word that modifies, qualifies, or limits the meaning of a noun or pronoun	2
12621947005	allegory	a story in which a second meaning is to be read beneath the surface	3
12621947006	alliteration	the repition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of a consecutive words or syllables	4
12621949108	allusion	an inderect reference, often to another text or an historic event	5
12621949109	ambiguity	a vagueness of meaning; a conscious lack or clarity meant to evoke multiple meanings or interpretations	6
12621951160	analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	7
12621951161	anaphora	the repitition of words at the beginning successive clauses	8
12622215893	anecdote	a short account of an interesting event	9
12621977193	understatement	lack of emphasis in a statement or point	10
12622214465	annotation	explanatory or critical notes added to text	11
12622214466	antecendent	the noun to whuch a later pronouns added to text	12
12621977194	voice	a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	13
12621977195	zeugma	a construction in which one word modifies or governs two or more waords in a sentance	14
12622205974	antithesis	parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	15
12622205975	antimetabole	the repition of words in an inverted order to sharpen contrast	16
12621979165	tone	the speaker's atttitude toward the subject or audience	17
12621979166	transition	a stylistic device used to create a link between ideas; words that continuity, coherence, and relationships	18
12622202385	aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth	19
12622202386	apostrophe	in literature, a word or phrase that addresses a person or personified thing that is not actually present	20
12621979167	trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	21
12621982413	thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer	22
12622200388	appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	23
12622200389	archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	24
12621982414	theses	a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved	25
12621982415	thesis statement	a statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit	26
12622197079	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	27
12622197080	assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	28
12622197081	assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	29
12621985295	theme	message about how to live life	30
12621985296	theoretical argument	an argumant confined to theory or speculation of practical apllications	31
12621987490	syntax	sentance structure	32
12622194369	asyndenton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	33
12621987491	synthesis		34
12622191764	attitude	the speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	35
12622191765	audience	one's listener or readership	36
12621987492	synthesize	combining or bringing together two or more elemnts to produce something more complex	37
12621989856	syllogism	a form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	38
12622189195	authority	a reliable, respected source	39
12622189196	bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	40
12622189197	bibliographical information	a list of works cited or resouces	41
12621989857	symbol	an object that is associayed with ideas that are not generally part of the original item	42
12621992119	subordinate clause	created by a subortinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	43
12621992120	subordination	the dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	44
12622185282	cause and effect	analyzinf the causes that lead to a certain effect	45
12622185283	chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form	46
12621994229	stylistic devices	a general term referring to diction, syntax, tone, figurative language,and all other	47
12621994230	subject	the topic addressed in a piece of writing	48
12622182513	cite	identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	49
12622182514	claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	50
12622182515	classical model of argument	Introduction (Exordium), Narration (Narratio) Proposition (Partitio), Confirmation (Confirmatio) Refutation (Refutatio), Conclusion (Peroratio); a structure of argument typically used for argumentative essays; allows room for the writer to engage with the audience	51
12621996322	style	the distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	52
12621998199	speaker	a term used for the author or the persspective of the person who tells the story	53
12621998200	straw man fallacy	involves the creation of an easily refutable position	54
12622171754	classification and division	a pattern of writing or speaking which is characterized by division, which is the process of breaking a whole into parts, and classification, which is the often subsequent process of sorting individual items into categories	55
12622000129	simile	a figure of speech involving the comparison of one thing with another thing using the word "like" or "as"	56
12622162086	clause	a structural element of a sentence, consisting of a grammatical subject and a predicate; independent clauses can stand alone as sentences; dependent clauses are incomplete sentences and need an independent clause to function; subordinate clauses and dependent clauses are the same thing	57
12622162087	colloquialism	an informal or conversational use of language	58
12622000130	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and a predicate	59
12622000131	source	a book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	60
12622160088	common ground	shared beliefs, values, or positions	61
12622160089	comparision and contrast	juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences	62
12622002814	sentence structure	the arrangement of the parts of a sentence	63
12622002815	sentence variety	using a variety of patterns to create desired effect	64
12622156044	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least	65
12622004395	sentence patterns	the arrangements of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions	66
12622155974	concede	to acknowledge the truth or possibility; conceding a point to your opponent is not necessarily a sign of weakness in argumentation	67
12622155975	conceit	A witty or ingenious thought; a diverting or highly fanciful idea, often stated in figurative language.	68
12622004442	semicolons	punctuation that connects two independent clauses that are closley related	69
12622006974	sarcasm	a sharp, caustic attitude conveyed in words through jibes, taunts, or other remarks	70
12622149865	concession	a reluctantacknowledgment or yeilding	71
12622147706	conjuctions	A word that connects other words (and, but, or, yet)	72
12622006975	satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	73
12622147707	connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	74
12622006976	scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	75
12622010228	rhetorical strategies	Methods and techniques that speakers use to achieve their speaking goals	76
12622145134	context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	77
12622145135	coordination	grammatical evidence between parts of a sentence	78
12622012126	rhetorical modes	patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose	79
12622012127	rhetorical question	a question asked mpre to produce an effect than to summon an answer	80
12622137651	counterargument	a challenge to a position	81
12622137652	counterexample	an example that proves that a conjecture or statement is false	82
12622014640	repitition	erpeating a word, phrase, or idea for emphasis	83
12622014641	rhetoric	the stufy of effective, persuasive, language use	84
12622135140	credible	worthy of belief	85
12622135141	cumulative sentence	an independent clause followed by a subordinate clause	86
12622014642	rhetorical appeals	ethos, pathos, logos	87
12622016900	reiteration	repetition of an idea using different words, often for emphasis or other effect.	88
12622132705	declarative sentence	a sentence that makes a statement	89
12622019121	rationale	an explanation of controlling principles of opinion	90
12622129252	deduction	reasoning from general to specific	91
12622129253	dedictive resoning	a method of reasoning by whihc specific definition, conclusions, and theorems are drawn from general principles	92
12622019122	refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	93
12622022312	qualitative evidence	supporting evidence that relies on the quality of examples, kind of examples, or qualifiers (good, better, best, bad, worse, worst)	94
12622127135	definition	a method of informing that explains something by identifying its meaning	95
12622127136	denoation	the literal meaning of a word	96
12622022313	quantitative evidence	upporting evidence that is based on data, observable data, with controls and variables	97
12622024925	purpose	one's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing	98
12622123790	description	a rhetorical mode based in the five senses	99
12622123791	device	a tactic or tool chosen and used by writers to create meaning	100
12622024926	qualify	o reduce from a general to a particular or restricted form; to clearly define and explain with appropriate examples and information	101
12622027116	propaganda	a negative term for writing designed to sway opnion rather than present information	102
12622118891	diction	word choice	103
12622118892	didactic	having an instructive purpose; intending to convey information or teach a lesson, usually in an arrogant manner	104
12622027117	prose	any discourse that is NOT poetry	105
12622030504	pronoun	a word used to replace a noun	106
12622116391	dispute	argue	107
12622116392	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost	108
12622030564	process analysis	a rhetorical mode that explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done	109
12622034948	premise	two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise	110
12622111202	epigram	a concise but ingenious, witty, or thoughtful statement	111
12622111203	eulogy	verbal or written praise honoring someone who is dead	112
12622034949	prepositions	words we use before nouns or pronouns to show their relationship with other words in the sentence. Example: behind (the tree), across (Maple Street), down (the stairs)	113
12622037232	point of view	the relation in which a narrator or speaker stands to the subject of the discourse; first person point of view indicates an internal perspective while third person point of view indicates an external or objective perspective	114
12622108356	euphemism	a mild or less negative usage for a harsh or blunt term (ex. To pass away is a euphemism for die)	115
12622108357	ethos	appeal to the character of a person	116
12622108358	exemplification	showing by example	117
12622039385	polemic	an argumant against an idea	118
12622039386	polysyndenton	the deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	119
12622044411	persuasion	a kind of speaking or writing that is intended to influence people's actions	120
12622105858	explication of text	explanation of a text's meaning through an analysis of all of its constituent parts, including the literary devices used; also called close reading	121
12622047806	persona	the speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author	122
12622102486	exposition	he background and events that lead to the presentation of the main idea or purpose	123
12622100753	extended metaphor	a series of comparisons between two unlike objects; the continued discussion and development of the metaphor throughout the piece to solidify the comparison and the audience's understanding	124
12622047807	personification	assigning lifelike characterics to an inanimate object	125
12622100754	facts	information that is true or demonstrable	126
12622049599	periodic sentence	a sentence that builds toward and ends with the main clause	127
12622051571	pathos	appeal to emotion	128
12622098699	figurative language	the use of tropes or figures of speech	129
12622051572	pedantic	narrowly academic instead of broad and humane; excessively petty and meticulous	130
12622098675	figure of speech	an expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	131
12622053495	parody	a piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another	132
12622096404	fragment	a word, phrase, or clause that does not form a full sentence	133
12622096405	genre	a term used to describe literary forms, such as novel, play, essay, poem, etc.	134
12622053496	passive voice	when the sentence's subject receives the action (ex. The plane was landed by the pilot.); using too much passive voice weakens the writing and indicates less skill as a writer, so speakers and writers usually want more active voice and action verbs to strengthen the writing	135
12622056267	parallelism	the repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns	136
12622094440	generalizations	general statement or concept obtained by inference from specific cases	137
12622094441	homily	a lecture or sermon on a religious or moral theme meant to guide human behavior	138
12622056268	parentheses	used to not interrupt the main sentence (extra information) (in parentheses if it is a sentence make sure inside has its own period)	139
12622058640	oxymoron	a figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms	140
12622090948	horatory	urging, or strongly encouraging	141
12622090949	hyperbole	exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	142
12622058641	pacing	the releative speed or slowness with which a story is told	143
12622058642	paradox	a statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	144
12622088414	imagery	vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses	145
12622088415	imperative sentence	a sentence that requests or commands	146
12622062056	onomatopoeia	the use of words that imitate sounds	147
12622063863	occasion	an aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	148
12622085180	induction	reasoning from specific to general	149
12622085181	inductive reasoning	type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations	150
12622063864	omniscient narrator	an all-knowing, usually third person narrator	151
12622065777	mood	how the reader feels about the text while reading	152
12622082352	infer	deduce or conclude (information) from evidence and reasoning rather than from explicit statements	153
12622082353	invective	a direct verbal assault; a denunciation; casting blame on someone or something	154
12622065778	narration	retelling an event or series of events	155
12622065779	nominalization	turning a verb or adjective into a noun	156
12622080198	inversion	a sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	157
12622080199	inverted sentence	a sentence in which the verb preceedes the subject	158
12622068167	modes of discourse	the four types of writing - narration, description, argumentation, and exposition	159
12622068168	modifier	a word, phrase, or clause that qualifies or describes another word, phrase, or clause	160
12622078402	irony	a contradiction between what is said and what is meant	161
12622070869	metaphor	a figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	162
12622074794	juxtaposition	placement of two things side by side for emphasis	163
12622074795	logical fallacy	efects in logic that weaken the argument, such as the blaming of a person or entity that is not connected to the issue or attacking someone instead of being focused on the issue	164
12622070870	metonymy	use if an aspect of something to represent the whole	165
12622072814	logos	an appeal to logic	166
12622072815	loose sentence	a sentence that follows the customary word order of English sentences (subject, verb, object)	167