[node:title] Flashcards

10842259106	Latitude	Distance north or south of the equator	0
10842261895	Longitude	Distance east or west of the prime meridian, measured in degrees	1
10842264448	Altitude	elevation above sea level or above the earth's surface	2
10842270644	Elevation	height above sea level	3
10842276787	pH	measures the acidity of a solution. It is the negative log of the concentration of the hydrogen ions in a substance	4
10842287712	Organic	molecules containing 2 or more carbons	5
10842293250	Evaporation	The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas	6
10842295623	Condensation	The change of state from a gas to a liquid	7
10842300415	Transpiration	Evaporation of water from the leaves of a plant	8
10842321588	1st law of thermodynamics	Energy cannot be created or destroyed	9
10842325116	Entropy	a measure of the disorder of a system	10
10842330203	2nd law of thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	11
10842334362	weather	Short term temperature and precipitation in a area ( Unpredictable)	12
10842350508	climate	The average weather conditions in an area over a long period of time ( predictable)	13
10842364056	ozone layer	Layer of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone; absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation, made of O3, harmful to breath	14
10842377051	Salinity	the amount of salt in a solution	15
10842383812	Convection	Energy movement within a fluid	16
10842401035	Conduction	Energy transfer from one material to another	17
10842419107	Isotope	Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons, radioactive usually	18
10842426264	Radiation	Energy that can move through mediums and vacuums	19
10842435207	Albedo	How reflective the earth's surface is most reflective; ice , least reflective; soil, snow, water, rocks	20
10842458464	inner core	A dense sphere of solid iron and nickel at the center of Earth	21
10842462714	outer core	A layer of molten iron and nickel that surrounds the inner core of Earth	22
10842471206	Magnetosphere	Electro magnetic field caused by core, protects life from harmful particles and energy.	23
10842487478	Mantle	The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.	24
10842493457	continental drift	Wegener's theory that the continents slowly move across Earth's surface.	25
10842500066	plate tectonics	explains how continents move.	26
10842505755	Asthenosphere	liquid layer of rock below crust and above mantle (thin)	27
10842532826	convergent boundary	A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.	28
10842540447	divergent boundary	A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other.	29
10842543370	transform boundary	A plate boundary where two plates move past each other in opposite directions	30
10842546123	Subduction	One plate going under another plate	31
10842549798	Pangea	A supercontinent containing all of Earth's land that existed about 225 million years ago.	32
10842553398	Igneous	rock formed from cooled magma or lava ex; granite, pumice	33
10842563722	Metamorphic	When other rocks are compressed and melted; Marble	34
10842571448	Sedimentary	forms from tiny particles sticking together; sandstone, limestone	35
10842590226	Law of Superposition	The top rock layer and its fossils is the youngest and the bottom is the oldest.	36
10842595171	Equinox	Each of the two times of the year when days and nights are of equal length	37
10842598917	Solstice	Either the longest day or the shortest	38
10842609790	Epicenter	Point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus	39
10842616441	Isostasy	The balancing of the downward force of the crust and the upward force of the mantle.	40
10842620831	P waves	A type of seismic wave that compresses and expands the ground, fastest wave.	41
10842629615	S waves	A type of seismic wave that moves the ground up and down or side to side, "shear waves"	42
10842636042	L waves	last wave to arrive, slowest, up and down motion, causes the most damage to us, move laterally	43
10842644922	focus	The point beneath Earth's surface where plates shift during an earthquake	44
10842658835	Caldera	The large hole at the top of a volcano formed when the roof of a volcano's magma chamber collapses.	45
10842680500	Troposphere	0-17 km above Earth's surface, site of weather, organisms, contains most atmospheric water vapor. (temperature decreases with increasing altitude, pressure decreases)	46
10842683196	Stratosphere	2nd layer of atmosphere; extends from 10 to 30 miles up; location of ozone layer; absorbs 95% of Ultraviolet radiation; temperature increases with altitude increase.	47
10842686285	Mesosphere	The layer of Earth's atmosphere immediately above the stratosphere, temperature decreases as altitude increases	48
10842694712	Thermosphere	the region of the atmosphere above the mesosphere and below the height at which the atmosphere ceases to have the properties of a continuous medium. The thermosphere is characterized throughout by an increase in temperature with height.	49
10842702993	Tropic of Capricorn	23.5 degrees south latitude	50
10842705869	Tropic of Cancer	23.5 degrees north latitude	51
10842711227	Ring of Fire	the chain of volcanoes that lines the Pacific Rim	52
10842714444	El Nino	an irregularly occurring and complex series of climatic changes affecting the equatorial Pacific region and beyond every few years, characterized by the appearance of unusually warm, nutrient-poor water off northern Peru and Ecuador, typically in late December.	53
11060658678	Ferrel Cell	A convection current in the atmosphere that lies between Hadley cells and polar cells	54
11060658679	Hadley Cell	Convection Currents that cycle between the equator, 30 degrees North and South.	55
11060658680	Polar Cell	Cells of air circulation occurring between 60 degrees north and south and each pole.	56
11060658681	Coriolis effect	Causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's hemisphere.	57
11060658682	hurricane	A tropical storm that has winds of about 119 kilometers per hour or higher.	58
11060658683	tornado	a localized and violently destructive windstorm occurring over land characterized by a funnel-shaped cloud extending toward the ground, winds up to 300 mph	59
11060658684	storm surge	a rising of the sea as a result of atmospheric pressure changes and wind associated with a storm.	60
11060658685	thermohaline currents	currents formed as a result of both the temperature of the water AND the amount of salt in it	61
11060658686	Upwelling	The movement of deep, cold, and nutrient-rich water to the surface	62