AP Biology - Chapter 4 Flashcards
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| 15297117164 | organic chemistry | The study of carbon & hydrogen compounds (organic compounds). | 0 | |
| 15297117176 | tetravalent | 4 electrons in valence shell, Ex. carbon |  | 1 |
| 15297117165 | hydrocarbon | An organic molecule consisting only of carbon and hydrogen. |  | 2 |
| 15297117166 | isomer | One of several compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and therefore different properties. The three types are structural, geometric, and enantiomers. |  | 3 |
| 15297117167 | structural isomer | One or several compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the covalent arrangement of their atoms. (DIFFERENT SHAPE) | | 4 |
| 15297117168 | geometric isomer | One of several compounds that have the same molecular formula and covalent bonds between atoms but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms owing to the inflexibility of double bonds (DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT) |  | 5 |
| 15297117169 | enantiomer | One or two compounds that are mirror images of each other and that differ in shape due to the presence of an asymmetric carbon. (MIRROR IMAGE) |  | 6 |
| 15297117170 | estradiol | A steroid hormone that stimulates the development and maintenance of the female reproductive system and secondary sex characteristics; the major estrogen in mammals. |  | 7 |
| 15297117171 | testosterone | Asteroid hormone required for development of the male reproductive system, spermatogenesis, and male secondary sex characteristics; the major androgen in mammals. |  | 8 |
| 15297117172 | functional groups | A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to the carbon skeletons of organic molecules and involved in chemical reactions. |  | 9 |
| 15297117173 | hydroxyl group | -OH polar ex: alcohol |  | 10 |
| 15297117174 | carbonyl group | C=O ketone and aldehyde |  | 11 |
| 15297117177 | carboxyl group | (O=C=OH) amino acids | | 12 |
| 15297117178 | amino group | H-N-H amino acids |  | 13 |
| 15297117179 | sulfhydryl group | -SH proteins/cysteine/disulfide bridges |  | 14 |
| 15297117175 | phosphate group | high energy ATP |  | 15 |
| 15297117180 | functional group | Small groups of atoms that in certain combinations, have predictable properties | 16 | |
| 15297117181 | methyl group | inactivation genes |  | 17 |