Biology Flashcards

14638516757	Adaptation	inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of survival	0
14638520243	analogous structures	structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function	1
14638627482	ancestor	a person that someone is descended from	2
14642403391	behavior	the way in which animal responds to an external or internal stimulus	3
14642414696	Biodiversity	number of different species living in an specific area	4
14642421848	Cladogram	a branching diagram that represents phylogeny or evolution of a species or group.	5
14642435069	diversity	(n.) difference, variety; a condition of having many different types of forms	6
14642439166	gene pool	All the genes, including all the different alleles for each gene, that are present in a population at any one time	7
14642443293	genetic drift	random change in allele frequencies that occurs in small populations	8
14642448309	bottleneck effect	Genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population.	9
14642464770	founder effect	Genetic drift that occurs when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population and form a new population whose gene pool composition is not reflective of that of the original population.	10
14642470201	Georgraphic Isolation	form of reproductive isolation where populations are separated physically by geographical barriers	11
14642473497	gene flow	Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to the migration of individuals to or from the population	12
14642478953	Hardy-Weinberg Principle	when allelic frequencies remain constant, a population is in genetic equilibrium	13
14642488382	natural selection	the theory of evolution by Darwin, that among the range of inherited trait variations, those contributing to reproduction and survival will most likely be passed on to succeeding generations	14
14642500158	Phylogeny	Evolutionary history of a species	15
14642508208	habitat	the natural home or environment of an animal, plant, or other organism.	16
14642510901	Niche	(ecology) the role or position of an organism within its environment and community (affecting its survival as a species)	17
14642518979	Speciation	the evolution of new species	18
14642521012	stabilizing selection	most common form of natural selection in which organisms with extreme expressions of a trait are removed	19
14642525099	distruptive selection	process in which individuals with average traits are removed, creating two populations with extreme traits	20
14642528803	directional selection	shift of a population toward an extreme version of a beneficial trait	21
14642533304	fossil record	Chronological collection of life's remains in sedimentary rock layers	22
14642543859	Embryology	study of embryos and their development	23
14642548103	homologous structures	structures that are similar in different species of common ancestry	24
14642553172	behavioral isolation	Isolation caused by differences in courtship or mating behaviors	25
14642561601	reproductive isolation	separation of a species or population so that they no longer interbreed and evolve into two separate species	26
14642566876	Theory	A hypothesis that has been tested with a significant amount of data	27
14642567727	Species	A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.	28
14642571096	Population	group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area	29
14642574266	mimicry	morphological adaptation in which one species evolves to resemble another species for protection or other advantages	30
14642579391	camoflauge	An adaptation that allows an organism to blend in with its environment	31
14642583675	convergent evolution	Process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments	32
14642586884	divergent evolution	when two or more species sharing a common ancestor become more different over time	33
14642587581	adaptive radiation	diversification of a species into a number of different species, often over a relatively short time span	34
14649036654	Coevolution	process in which two or more species evolve in response to changes in each other	35
14649039080	punctuated equilibrium	Pattern of evolution in which long stable periods are interrupted by brief periods of more rapid change	36
14649046348	Biological Resistance	The natural or genetic ability of an organism to avoid or repel attack by biotic agents	37