AP Language + Comp Flashcards

14581012828	expository	intended to explain or describe something	0
14581013337	Classification	Assignment of objects or people to categories on the basis of shared characteristics.	1
14581014636	cause and effect	noting a relationship between actions or events such that one or more are the result of the other or others.	2
14581016930	comparison/contrast	Juxtaposing two things to highlight their similarities and differences	3
14581017678	Definition	A method of informing that explains something by identifying its meaning	4
14581018781	Analysis	The process or result of identifying the parts of a whole and their relationships to one another.	5
14581089188	Description	a spoken or written summary of observations	6
14581092740	Narration	writing that directly tells a story	7
14581094841	Persuasion/Argument	Convinces an audience by proving or refuting a point of view using induction or deduction	8
14581098078	Allegory	A literary work in which characters, objects, or actions represent abstractions	9
14581098744	Chronicle	A record of events	10
14581100407	Diary	A personal, daily account of an individual's experiences and feelings	11
14581101185	Epic	A long narrative poem telling of a hero's deeds	12
14581103119	Essay	A short nonfiction work about a particular subject	13
14581109360	fiction/non-fiction	Fiction: literature in the form of prose, especially short stories and novels, that describes imaginary events and people Non-Fiction: prose writing that is based on facts, real events, and real people, such as biography or history	14
14581111528	Gothic	of the middle ages; of or relating to a mysterious, grotesque, and desolate style of fiction	15
14581119991	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	16
14581120903	Prose	written or spoken language in its ordinary form, without metrical structure.	17
14581121346	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.	18
14581124749	Sermon	A speech intended to provide religious instruction	19
14581134815	stream of consciousness	A literary technique that presents the thoughts and feelings of a character as they occur.	20
14581138841	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	21
14581139787	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	22
14581140492	Cliché	a phrase or opinion that is overused and betrays a lack of original thought.	23
14581140998	Colloquialism	a word or phrase that is not formal or literary, typically one used in ordinary or familiar conversation.	24
14581141482	Epithet	an adjective or descriptive phrase expressing a quality characteristic of the person or thing mentioned.	25
14581142143	Euphemism	An indirect, less offensive way of saying something that is considered unpleasant	26
14581143184	Hyperbole	exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	27
14581155309	Imagery	visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.	28
14581156512	Irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect.	29
14581163281	Verbal Irony	A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant	30
14581164268	Situational Irony	irony involving a situation in which actions have an effect that is opposite from what was intended, so that the outcome is contrary to what was expected.	31
14581164723	Dramatic Irony	Irony that occurs when the meaning of the situation is understood by the audience but not by the characters.	32
14581168219	Metaphor	a figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.	33
14581169420	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which something is referred to by using the name of something that is associated with it	34
14581170416	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines opposite or contradictory terms in a brief phrase.	35
14581177231	Paradox	A statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth.	36
14581183591	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	37
14581194723	Pun	a joke exploiting the different possible meanings of a word or the fact that there are words that sound alike but have different meanings.	38
14581206613	Simile	A comparison using "like" or "as"	39
14581207469	Synaesthesia	the use of one kind of sensory experience to describe another	40
14581208712	Synedoche	figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole	41
14581209575	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	42
14581212783	Alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.	43
14581214847	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	44
14581215248	Assonance	Repetition of a vowel sound within two or more words in close proximity	45
14581221569	Connotation vs. Denotation	Connotation: an idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal or primary meaning Denotation: the literal or primary meaning of a word, in contrast to the feelings or ideas that the word suggests	46
14581223650	pendantic vs. simple	Pendantic: putting unnecessary stress on minor or purely academic knowledge Simple: Pure, easy, and simple diction	47
14581283373	Monosyllabic vs. polysyllabic	One syllable vs. more than one syllable.	48
14581289763	Euphonious vs. cacophonic	Pleasing or agreeable to the ear vs. discordant, unpleasant sounding, jarring.	49
14581290339	Literal vs. Figurative	accurate language without embellishment vs. comparative language for a pictorial effect	50
14581293004	Active vs. Passive	Subject of the sentence is performing or causing the action rather than a state of being vs. subject is the object of the action or the effect of the verb.	51
14581294184	Overstated vs. understated	Exaggerated vs. expressed with restraint, lack of emphasis.	52
14581295287	Colloquial vs. formal	Informal, conversational vs. formal, proper language.	53
14581934710	Non-Standard: Slang vs. Jargon	Not adhering to the standard, usually associated with a language variety used by uneducated speakers or socially disfavored groups	54
14581936464	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	55
14581937083	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	56
14581937084	anachronism	something out of place in time	57
14592787112	Aphorism	a concise statement of a truth or principle	58
14592788974	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	59
14592789606	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	60
14592790882	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	61
14592791735	Malapropism	a word humorously misused	62
14592792434	Rhetorical Question	A question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	63
14593520771	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	64
14593520772	Point of View	the perspective from which a story is told	65
14593522309	Style	A basic and distinctive mode of expression.	66
14593530677	Theme	a unifying idea that is a recurrent element in a literary or artistic work	67
14593531266	Thesis	a statement or theory that is put forward as a premise to be maintained or proved.	68
14593531824	Persuasion	the active and conscious effort to change an attitude through a message	69
14593536868	Argument	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	70
14593538830	Appeal	A mode of persuasion to influence an audience.	71
14593543595	Pathos	Appeal to emotion	72
14593544433	Ethos	Appeal to credibility	73
14593545437	Logos	Appeal to logic	74
14593546118	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	75
14593557999	deductive reasoning	the process of applying a general statement to specific facts or situations	76
14593577173	inductive reasoning	A type of logic in which generalizations are based on a large number of specific observations.	77
14593577900	Evidence/Data	Support from a claim/assertion	78
14593577901	Warrant	to justify or deserve	79
14593578591	Logical Fallacies	potential vulnerabilities or weaknesses in an argument	80
14602852450	Agitated	Feeling or appearing troubled or nervous	81
14602853088	Ambivalent	having mixed feelings or contradictory ideas about something or someone	82
14602853882	Apathetic	Feeling or showing little emotion	83
14602855145	Bombastic	Pompous; using inflated language	84
14602856434	Candid	Completely honest, straightforward	85
14602857140	Clinical	Extremely objective and realistic; unemotional	86
14602927145	Colloquial	Characteristic of ordinary conversation rather than formal speech or writing	87
14602927146	Condescending	possessing an attitude of superiority, patronizing	88
14602927961	Critical	expressing adverse or disapproving comments or judgments.	89
14602929156	Cynical	doubtful or distrustful of the goodness or sincerity of human motives	90
14602929872	Didactic	intended to instruct	91
14602929879	Hyperbolic	exaggerated beyond truth or reasonableness	92
14602930933	Impartial	unbiased; neutral	93
14602931912	Elegiac	Expressing sorrow or lamentation	94
14602931913	Embittered	Made bitter or resentful	95
14602932541	Empathetic	Identification with and understanding of another's situation, feelings, and motives	96
14602934167	Flippant	Not showing a serious or respectful attitude	97
14602935136	Gothic	relating to a mysterious, grotesque, and desolate style of fiction	98
14602936054	Laudatory	expressing praise	99
14602939416	Melancholy	Sadness, pensive	100
14602941026	Nostalgic	Longing for the past	101
14602942513	Pedantic	Excessively concerned with book learning and formal rules	102
14602944427	Reverent	Feeling or showing deep and solemn respect	103
14602948063	Sarcastic	Marked by or given to using irony in order to mock or convey contempt	104
14602948708	Sardonic	Grimly mocking or cynical	105
14602950071	Somber	Dark, gloomy; depressed or melancholy in spirit	106