AP Bio CH.8 Flashcards

10806778473	catabolic pathway	break molecules and release energy	0
10806788251	anabolic pathway	make molecules and absorb energy	1
10806851906	1st law of thermodynamics	Energy cannot be created or destroyed	2
10806857653	2nd law of thermodynamics	Every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy of the universe.	3
10806861416	delta S	entropy (disorder)	4
10806865029	+delta S	disorder	5
10806867690	-delta S	order	6
10806879057	Delta G (Gibbs Free Energy)	tells how spontaneous rxn will be	7
10806929198	Delta H	change in enthalpy	8
10806931923	Enthalpy	total energy of a system	9
10806938451	+Delta H	endothermic-energy absorbed (cold)	10
10806953783	-Delta H	exothermic-energy released (heat)	11
10807019183	spontaneous v non-spontaneous rxns	spontaneous: Delta G < 0, Delta S > 0 non-spontaneous: Delta G > 0, Delta S < 0	12
10812124468	-Delta G is	spontaneous, exergonic, energy is released to surroundings	13
10812131831	+delta G	non-spontaneous, endergonic, energy is absorbed from surroundings	14
10812138268	delta G of exergonic		15
10812152649	Delta G of endergonic reactions		16
10812160567	3 main types of work a cell does	chemical, transport, mechanical	17
10812162362	chemical	pushes non-spontaneous rxns to occur	18
10812171834	transport	pumping out substances across the membrane	19
10812182229	mechanical	more structures to accomplish tasks	20
10812187592	ATP	adenosine triphosphate	21
10812190963	What makes up ATP	3 phosphate groups, ribose, and adenine	22
10812197004	bonds broken with......releases energy	hydrolysis	23
10812202760	_______+____________= ATP	ADP+Pi	24
10812208664	activation energy	energy needed to start a reaction	25
10812216667	Substrate	reactant enzyme acts on, binds to active site	26
10812229036	bonds that hold enzyme in active site	hydrogen, ionic	27
10812243639	cofactors	nonprotein enzyme helpers	28
10812253538	inhibitors bind covalently to enzyme and are	irreversible	29
10812319652	competitive inhibition	inhibitor binds to enzyme, reversible	30
10812330734	non-competitive inhibition	inhibitor binds to site other than active site, irreversible, alters shape of enzyme and prevents substrates from binding to active site	31
10812341936	allosteric regulation	The binding of a molecule to a protein that affects the function of the protein at a different site.	32
10812348273	coopertivity	a type of allosteric activation in which a substrate can bind to the active site of a multisubunit enzyme	33
10812844785	hemoglobin example	the binding of one substance to one of the active sites increases catalytic activity and increases affinity of other active sites for the substrates	34
10812855096	feedback inhibition	metabolic pathway is switched off when a product of an enzyme binds to it, causing one pathway to stop	35
10813000316	heat	speeds up reaction, dentures proteins and kills cells	36
10813005456	When activator binds to site on enzyme.....	stabilizes enzymes size	37
10813007295	When inhibitor binds to site.....	stabilizes inactive form of enzyme, makes all active sites inactive	38