AP Cellular Transport Flashcards

12305278299	Plasma membrane	Separates the living cell from its surroundings. Controls traffic in and out of the cell. Is selectively permeable.	0
12305278300	Selectively permeable	Allows some substances to cross more easily than others.	1
12305278301	Phospholipids	Most abundant molecules in plasma membrane	2
12305278304	Transmembrane proteins	An integral protein that completely spans the membrane; usually transport proteins	3
12305278305	Integral proteins	Plasma membrane proteins that penetrate the hydrophobic interior of the lipid bilayer	4
12305278306	Peripheral proteins	Plasma membrane proteins that are NOT embedded in the lipid bilayer	5
12305278308	transport proteins	Plasma membrane proteins that span the membrane and carry molecules from one side to the other	6
12305278309	Channel proteins	Transport proteins that have a hydrophilic channel that certain molecules or ions use as a TUNNEL though the membrane	7
12305278310	Aquaporins	Channel proteins that facilitate the passage of water	8
12305278311	Carrier proteins	Transport proteins that bind to molecules and change shape to shuttle them across the membrane; usually a pump	9
12305278312	Diffusion	A general term to describe the movement of molecules of any substance to spread out in available space	10
12305278313	Concentration gradient	A change in the density of a chemical substance from one area to the next	11
12305278314	Passive transport	transport that requires no energy from the cell to make it happen	12
12305278315	Osmosis	the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	13
12305278316	Isotonic (animal cell)	if a cell with no cell wall is immersed in an enviroment where there is no net movement of water across the plasma membrane. Stays the same.	14
12305278317	Hypertonic (animal cell)	when the cell is immersed in a solution where it loses water to its environment, shrivels and probably dies.	15
12305278318	Hypotonic (animal cell)	when a cell is immersed in a solution, water enters the cell faster than it leaves, it swells and lyses (explodes) like an overfilled water balloon.	16
12305278319	Osmoregulation	the control of water balance	17
12305278320	Paramecium	a protist that is hypertonic to the pond water in which it lives.	18
12305278321	turgid	when the plant cell is very firm, which is a healthy state for most plant cells.	19
12305278322	Hypotonic (plant cell)	when a plant cell is immersed in a __________ solution the cell contents swell due to osmosis until the elastic cell wall exerts turgor pressure on the cell that opposes further water outake.	20
12305278323	Isotonic (plant cell)	when a plant cell is immersed in a _______ solution; there is no net movement. The cell becomes flaccid and the plant may wilt.	21
12305278324	Hypertonic (plant cells)	the plant cell loses water, its volume shrinks. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall, this is plasmolysis. It is lethal to the cell.	22
12305278325	Plasmolysis	This happens when a cell shrinks inside its cell wall while the cell wall remains intact. The plasma membrane pulls away from the wall.	23
12305278326	Facilitated diffusion	the passive movement of molecules down their concentration gradient with the help of transport proteins.	24
12305278328	Active transport	transport that requires the cell to expend metabolic energy and enables a cell to maintain internal concentrations of small molecules. Requires energy.	25
12305278329	ATP	supplies energy for most active transport	26
12305278332	Sodium-potassium pump	major electrogenic pump in animals. Restores the electrochemical gradient by setting up a concentration gradient. It pumps 2 K ions for every 3 Na ions that it moves out, it generates a voltage.	27
12305278333	Proton pumps	the major electrogenic pump. Transports protons out of the cell and transfers positive charge form the cytoplasm to the extracellular solution.	28
12305278334	Exocytosis	transport vesicle budded from the Golgi apparatus is moved by the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. When the 2 membranes come in contact, the bilayers fuse spill the contents.	29
12305278335	Endocytosis	a cell brings in biological molecules and particulate matter by forming new vesicles from the plasma membrane. 3 types: phagocytosis, pinocytosis and receptor-mediated endocytosis.	30
12305278336	Phagocytosis	a cell engulfs a solid particle in a vacuole.	31
12305278337	Pinocytosis	liquid molecules are taken up when extracellular fluid is "gulped" into tiny vesicles.	32
12318248967	Turgid	Swollen	33
12318269737	Cytolysis	The rupturing of a cell due to excess internal pressure.	34
12318278748	Water potential	The potential energy of a volume of water, expressed as a pressure	35
12318290068	Osmotic potential	Energy associated with dissolved solutes	36
12318292654	Pressure potential	A component of water potential that consists of the physical pressure on a solution	37