AP Bio Week 2 Flashcards

14805246751	Population	A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area.	0
14805251738	Environmental and Social Factors	Populations disperse in a variety of ways that are influenced by ____________	1
14805265999	Uniform Distribution	results from intense competition or antagonism between individuals	2
14805268801	Random Distribution	occurs when there is no competition, antagonism, or tendency to aggregate	3
14805272058	Clumping	the most common distribution because environmental conditions are seldom uniform	4
14805283035	Mechanism Against Predation & Efficient Mechanism to trap or corner prey	Clumped distribution in species acts as a ____________________ as well as a _________________. It has been shown that ______ packs of animals tend to have a _______ number of successful kills.	5
14805304319	Influence of Dispersal on Distribution EX: Cattle egrets late 1800's.	Natural range expansion show the:	6
14805313023	Adaptive Radiation EX: Hawaiian Silverswords from North American Tarweed.	Long-distance dispersal can lead to	7
14805326343	1957 - 1998. No natural predators.	Spread of the Africanized Honeybee	8
14805331367	North American Birds British Vascular Plants	Small Geographic range	9
14805345235	Worldwide - Continental - Regional - Physiographic- Cluster - Locality - Colony - Clump	ORDER OF LARGE GEOGRAPHIC RANGE	10
14805361121	Climate North hot / wet, seasonal drought. Red kangaroos arid / semiarid interior, precipitation low. SE Australia cool, wet. S AUS cool, most winter and warm, dry summer.	Kangaroo Interactions	11
14805372393	Mark & Recapture (Moving) / Grid (Not Moving)	Estimating Population Size	12
14805376836	S/N = x /n. S = # individuals marked and released 1st sample. x = # individuals already marked and released 2nd sample. n = Total # individuals 2nd sample. N = Estimated population size. Rearrange: N = sn/x	M&R Formula	13
14805410253	Long (humans / type 1) Middle (hydra / Prairie dog / / type 2) Low (oyster / type 3)	Survivorship curves	14
14805497934	dN/dt = B-D change in pop size / change in time = birth rate - death rate	Population Growth Curve	15
14805517809	idealized population in an unlimited environment (j-curve), can't continue indefinitely. r-selected species. r = per capita growth rate.	Exponential Model	16
14805526979	dN/dt = rmaxN rmax = maximum per capita growth	Exponential Model equation	17
14805532976	Considers population density on growth (S-curve), carrying capacity (K), max pop that a particular environment can support. K-selected species. dN/dt = rmaxN(K-N/K)	Logistic Model	18
14805559402	Per capita rate of increase (rmax) declines as carrying capacity (K) is reached. Starts with exponential model and adds expression that reduces per capita rate of increase as N approaches K.	Logistic Growth Curves	19
14805584987	Exponential is biotic potential. X-line above is carrying capacity. Space between logistic and exponential is environmental resistance.	Growth Curve Relationship	20
14805662053	Opportunistic Short maturation & lifespan Many offspring, 1 early repro No parental High deah	R-Selected	21
14805667317	Equilibrial Long maturation & life Few large off, sever late repro Extensive parental Low death	K-Selected	22
14805678407	Overshoots K and then settles down	Paramecium	23
14805682042	Fluctuate greatly, hard to define K	Daphnia	24
14805696178	Rapid growth	Afghanistan	25
14805696179	Slow growth	United States	26
14805698573	No growth	Italy	27
14805751612	Ecological time, evolutionary time	Events that occur in the framework of _________________________ (minutes, months, years) translate into effects over the longer scale of ______________ (decades, centuries, millenia, longer) How organisms respond and how they are distributed.	28
14805766740	Selective Pressure, Variation, Inheritance	Natural Selection 3 Ideas	29
14805780204	Ground, Warbler, Tree Parrot, Grasping, Probing, Crushing Fruit, Insect, Cactus, Seed.	Finch types and beaks	30
14805791454	Disruptive, Stabilizing, Directional	Modes of Selection	31
14805804210	Bi-modal curve, extreme traits favored	Disruptive Selection	32
14805806669	Reduces variance over time, traits closer to mean	Stabilizing	33
14805809104	Favors a phenotypic trait (selected by environment)	Directional	34
14805840020	Limits on Distribution of Species, Biogeography	__________________ servers as a starting point to understanding the ____________________________	35
14805853845	Hydrangea, pH of their soil light, soil pH. soil pH.	__________ react to the environment and display phenotype based on _______________. Affected by ______ and _______. ____ exerts main influence on color.	36
14805879556	Nature, human interactions.	Fish and other aquatic animals deal with changing environments in part due to _____ and in part due to _______.	37
14805891083	Their bladder fills with gas to equalize internal pressure.	Fish Pressure	38
14805902298	Nearctic, Neotropical, Ethiopian, Palearctic, Oriental, Australian.	Biogeographical Realms	39
14805921933	No predators, parasites, pathogens that limit populations in native habitats. Disrupt new community by preying on native organisms and outcompeting for resources.	Introduced Species	40
14805931008	Brown Tree Snake South Pacific World War 2. 12 birds, 6 lizards extinct as a result. No native snakes.	Guam Invasive Species	41
14805938805	Kudzu Asian Plant introduced by US Dept of Ag good intentions. Japanese Pavilion 1876 Centennial Exposition. Help control erosion, has taken over large areas of landscape.	South U.S	42
14805975901	European Starling from England. Release every bird named by Shakespeare. Skylarks and song failed, starling continues. Cosliest and noxious. Roosting in hordes of 1 mil, can devour stores of seed and fruit, offsetting insect eating benefit. 20 tons of potatoes in one day.	New York	43
14805998365	Native to Black Sea and Caspian Sea. Invasive NA, GB, Ire, Ital, Spain, Sweden. Disrupt with monotypic colonization, damage harbors & waterways, ships and boats, water treatment & power plants. WT most impacted water intakes bring microscopic larvae into facilities. Cling on to pipes under water and clog them.	Zebra Museels	44
14806017430	Shows fish tolerance	Tolerance Chart	45
14806037794	During all life stages compete with native species for food and habitat. Young: Zooplankton, insect larvae, small crustaceans, young of others. Adult: Fish, crust, frogs, reptiles, birds / mammals Disrupt food webs & ecological conditions, forever change native aquatic systems by modifying the array of native species.	Snakehead Fish	46
14806054016	Sea Urchins are limiting biotic factor, more should invade an area where they have been removed.	W.J.Fletcher	47
14806075468	Relationship between temperature and precipitation	Relationship between ________ and _________.	48