AP English Language & Comprehension Flashcards

14593987687	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things.	0
14593988895	Anaphora	The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	1
14593990979	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event.	2
14593992558	Annotation	Explanatory or critical notes added to a text.	3
14593996430	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers.	4
14593998562	Anitimetabole	Repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	5
14594000251	Antithesis	The direct opposite, a sharp contrast	6
14594001960	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth.	7
14594005458	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun.	8
14594008153	Archaic Diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	9
14594009956	Arguement	A statement put forth and supported by evidence	10
14594011155	Aristotelian Triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	11
14594012483	Assertion	A declaration or statement	12
14594049870	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	13
14594050827	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses.	14
14594052628	Attitude	A speaker's, author's, or character's position on a subject as revealed through their tone	15
14594055654	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed.	16
14594056364	Authority	A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge.	17
14594057355	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue.	18
14594058233	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source.	19
14594059938	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	20
14594062257	Close Reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text.	21
14594063247	Colloquial/ism	An informal or conversational use of language.	22
14594064280	Common Ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions.	23
14594065389	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	24
14594065390	Consession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding	25
14594066413	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	26
14594069587	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning.	27
14594070343	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but.	28
14594070796	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	29
14594071922	Commulative Sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	30
14594075760	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement	31
14594077979	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific	32
14594079401	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition	33
14594082673	Diction	Word choice	34
14594083778	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing.	35
14594084568	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone.	36
14594087048	Epigram	A brief witty statement.	37
14594089159	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	38
14594091748	Figurative Language	Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling.	39
14594095304	Figure of Speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning.	40
14594095914	Hyperbole	exaggeration; overstatement	41
14594097139	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing).	42
14594100054	Imperative Sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	43
14594101217	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	44
14594103201	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject.	45
14594103859	Irony	A contrast or discrepancy between what is stated and what is really meant, or between what is expected to happen and what actually does happen.	46
14594105029	Juxtaposition	placement of 2 things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	47
14594111986	Logos	A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	48
14594112412	Metaphor	A comparison without using like or as	49
14594112900	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole.	50
14594114426	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing.	51
14594115960	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines 2 contradictory terms	52
14594118544	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	53
14594119811	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	54
14594123909	Parady	A piece that imitates/ exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	55
14594127562	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	56
14594129176	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	57
14594132181	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects.	58
14594133886	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	59
14594138046	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions.	60
14594139262	Premise	major, minor Two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise.	61
14594157173	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information.	62
14594159229	Purpose	One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing.	63
14594159909	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	64
14594163718	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion."	65
14594165296	Rhetorical Modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation.	66
14594166458	Rhetorical Question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer.	67
14594168727	Rhetorical Triangle	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	68
14594171922	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it.	69
14594172710	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	70
14594177958	Sentence Patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex.	71
14594180842	Sentence Variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect.	72
14594181449	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare 2 things	73
14594184133	Simple Sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause.	74
14594184892	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information.	75
14594186122	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	76
14594187400	Straw Man	A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position.	77
14594187942	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech.	78
14594189124	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing.	79
14594190969	Subordinate Clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause.	80
14594191532	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence.	81
14594193312	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion.	82
14594194005	Syntax	Sentence structure	83
14594194764	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex.	84
14594196756	Thesis	The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer.	85
14594197395	Thesis Statement	A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit.	86
14594198582	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience.	87
14594226835	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	88
14594226836	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	89
14594226837	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	90
14594226838	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	91
14594226839	Zeugama		92
14594225235	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	93
14594225236	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	94
14594225237	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	95
14594225238	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	96
14594225239	Zeugama		97
14594224252	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	98
14594224253	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	99
14594224254	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	100
14594224255	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	101
14594224256	Zeugama		102
14594223350	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	103
14594223351	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	104
14594223352	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	105
14594223353	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	106
14594223354	Zeugama		107
14594222232	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	108
14594222233	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	109
14594222234	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	110
14594222235	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	111
14594222236	Zeugama		112
14594220723	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	113
14594220724	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	114
14594220725	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	115
14594220726	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	116
14594220727	Zeugama		117
14594219886	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	118
14594219887	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	119
14594219888	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	120
14594219889	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	121
14594219890	Zeugama		122
14594218302	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	123
14594218303	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	124
14594218304	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	125
14594218305	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	126
14594218306	Zeugama	A construction in which one word modifies or governs- often in different sometimes in congruent ways- 2 or more words in a sentence	127
14594217116	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	128
14594217117	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	129
14594217118	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	130
14594217119	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	131
14594217120	Zeugama		132
14594216075	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	133
14594216076	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	134
14594216077	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	135
14594216078	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	136
14594216079	Zeugama		137
14594215153	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	138
14594215154	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	139
14594215155	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	140
14594215156	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	141
14594215157	Zeugama		142
14594213821	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	143
14594213822	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	144
14594213823	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	145
14594213824	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	146
14594213825	Zeugama		147
14594212584	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	148
14594212585	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	149
14594212586	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	150
14594212587	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	151
14594212588	Zeugama		152
14594211541	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	153
14594211542	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	154
14594211543	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	155
14594211544	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	156
14594211545	Zeugama		157
14594210585	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	158
14594210586	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	159
14594210587	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	160
14594210588	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	161
14594210590	Zeugama		162
14594209729	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	163
14594209730	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	164
14594209731	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	165
14594209732	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	166
14594209733	Zeugama		167
14594208100	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	168
14594208101	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	169
14594208102	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	170
14594208103	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	171
14594208105	Zeugama		172
14594207168	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	173
14594207169	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	174
14594207170	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	175
14594207171	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	176
14594207172	Zeugama		177
14594205768	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	178
14594205769	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	179
14594205770	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	180
14594205771	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing.	181
14594205772	Zeugama		182
14594204634	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	183
14594204635	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	184
14594204636	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	185
14594204637	Voice	In grammar	186
14594203663	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	187
14594203664	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	188
14594203665	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect.	189
14594203666	Voice		190
14594202663	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	191
14594202664	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	192
14594202665	Understatement	Lack	193
14594201834	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	194
14594201835	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a non literal way; also called a figure of speech.	195
14594201264	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	196
14594201265	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech.	197
14594200687	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	198
14594200688	Trope	Artful	199
14594200160	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	200
14594199935	Topic Sentence	A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis.	201
14594199787	Topic Sentence	A sen	202
14594199579	Topic Sentence		203