AP Language and Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

14841658145	Abstract	Opposed to the concrete, not quantifiable	0
14841658146	Ad Hominem	"against the main;" attacking the arguer rather than the argument or issue	1
14841658147	Ad Populem	"to the people;" playing on the prejudices of the audience	2
14841658148	Aesthetic	the study or philosophy of beauty in art, literature, and nature	3
14841658149	Allegory	form of a metaphor, the meaning of a person, object, or action resides outside the story, the concrete is within the story	4
14841658150	Analogy	the comparison of two things alike in some respects	5
14841658151	Analysis	to separate into parts for inspection and evaluation	6
14841658152	Aphorism	a short witty statement; also, a statement or statements providing support for a claim	7
14841658153	Appeal to tradition	a process of reasoning and advancing proof about issues on which conflicting views may be held	8
14841658154	Apology	a written or spoken defense	9
14841658155	Argument	a statement put forth and supported by evidence; a process of reasoning and advancing proof about issues on which conflicting views may be held	10
14841658156	Aristotelian Argument	a diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience	11
14841658157	Assertion	an emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	12
14841658158	Assumption	a belief or statement taken for granted without proof	13
14841658159	Attitude	the author's or speaker's feelings towards the subject, attend to distance when discussing attitude	14
14841658160	Audience	the intended receiver/s for a speaker or writer's message	15
14841658161	Authoritative Warrant	a warrant based on credibility of trustworthiness of the source	16
14841658162	Authority	a reliable, respected source of evidence	17
14841658163	Backing	the assurances upon which a warrant or assumption is held	18
14841658164	Begging the Question	a fallacy in reasoning which omits the minor premise and goes directly to the conclusion; assumes that the issue has already been decided	19
14841658165	Bias	prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	20
14841658166	Cause and Effect	reasoning that assumes one event or condition can bring about another	21
14841658167	Chronological	in the order of time. First, second, third. The simplest way to structure a narrative.	22
14841658168	Claim	an assertion, usually supported by evidence	23
14841658169	Claim of Fact	reasoning that asserts something exists, has existed, or will exist, based on data that the audience will accept as objectively verfiable	24
14841658170	Claim of Policy	a claim asserting that specific courses of action should be instituted as solutions to problems	25
14841658171	Claim of Value	a claim that asserts some things are more or less desirable than others	26
14841658172	Cliche	a worn-out expression or idea, no longer capable of producing a visual, image provoking thought about a subject	27
14841658173	Colloquial	informal conversation, it differs in grammar, vocabulary, syntax, imagery, or connotation	28
14841658174	Common Ground	Shared beliefs, values, or positions	29
14841658175	Conceit	a type of metaphor that is strikingly odd and thoughtful, ex. Love compared to a motorcycle	30
14841658176	Concrete Detail	details used in a persuasive paper which attempt to convince the reader; proof or evidence; in contrast to abstract language	31
14841658177	Connotation	that which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning; the overtones that adhere to a word through its long usage	32
14841658178	Context	words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	33
14841658179	Controlling Image	an image or metaphor which runs throughout the work	34
14841658180	Counterargument	a challenge to a position; an opposing argument	35
14841658181	Credibility	the audience's belief in the arguer's trustworthiness; see ethos	36
14841658182	Deductive	reasoning from the general of the specific; see syllogism	37
14841658183	Definition	an explanation of the meaning of a term, concept, or experience; may be used for clarification, especially that of a claim, or as means of developing argument	38
14841658184	Denotation	the literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition	39
14841658185	Devices	speech, syntax, diction. These stylistic elements collectively produce an effect	40
14841658186	Diction	word choice; denotation = dictionary definition, connotation = all the emotions the word brings	41
14841658187	Didactic	a teaching type of tone, usually lesson-like or boring in nature	42
14841658188	Digression	insertion of material not closely related to the work or subject	43
14841658189	Dilemma	two choices - both bad, or two choices either one producing a bad outcome	44
14841658190	Ethos	the qualities of character, intelligence and goodwill in an arguer that contribute to an audience's acceptance of the claim	45
14841658191	Euphenism	a device where being indirect replaces directness to avoid unpleasantness	46
14841658192	Evidence	facts or opinions that supports an issue or claim; may consists of statistics, reports or personal experience, or views of experts	47
14841658193	Expository	a mode of writing which is used to explain something	48
14841658194	Fact	something that is believed to have objective reality; a piece of information regarded as verifiable	49
14841658195	Factual Evidence	support consisting of data that is considered objectively verifiable by the audience	50
14841658196	Fallacy	an error of reasoning based on faulty use of evidence or incorrect inference	51
14841658197	False Analogy	assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or possesses are similar in some ways, then they are similar in other ways as well	52
14841658198	False Dilemma	simplifying a complex problem into an either/ or dichotomy	53
14841658199	Faulty Emotional Appeal	basing an argument on feelings, especially pity or fear - often to draw attention away from the real issues or to conceal another purpose	54
14841658200	Faulty Use of Authority	failing to acknowledge disagreement among experts or otherwise misrepresenting the trustworthiness of sources	55