AP Language Summer Vocab Flashcards

14615600584	Ad hominem argument	an argument attacking an individual's character rather than his or her position on an issue	0
14615600585	Allegory	The device of using character and/or story elements symbolically to represent an abstraction in addition to the literal meaning.	1
14615601487	Alliteration	The repetition of sounds, especially initial consonant sounds in two or more neighboring words	2
14615603703	Allusion	A direct or indirect reference to something which is presumably commonly known, such as an event, book, myth, place, or work of art.	3
14615604898	Ambiguity	The multiple meanings, either intentional or unintentional, of a word, phrase, sentence, or passage.	4
14615606290	Anadiplosis	The repetition of the last word of one clause at the beginning of the following clause (Fear->anger, anger->hate, hate->suffering)	5
14615608199	Analogy	A similarity or comparison between two different things or the relationship between them.	6
14615608759	Anaphora	One of the devices of repetition, in which the same expression (word or words) is repeated at the beginning of two or more lines, clauses, or sentences.	7
14615609069	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	8
14615609758	Aphorism	A terse statement of known authorship which expresses a general truth or a moral principle.	9
14615610977	Apostrophe	A figure of speech that directly addresses an absent or imaginary person or a personified abstraction, such as liberty or love.	10
14615611286	Asyndeton	A construction in which elements are presented in a series without conjunctions	11
14615611572	Atmosphere	The emotional mood created by the entirety of a literary work, established partly by the setting and partly by the author's choice of objects that are described.	12
14615611996	Chiasmus	A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed	13
14615612430	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb.	14
14615612685	colloquial/colloquialism	The use of slang or informalities in speech or writing. Not generally acceptable for formal writing, colloquialisms give a work a conversational, familiar tone. Colloquial expressions in writing include local or regional dialects.	15
14615613504	Coherence	A principle demanding that the parts of any composition be arranged so that the meaning of the whole may be immediately clear and intelligible.	16
14615614144	Conceit	A fanciful expression, usually in the form of an extended metaphor or surprising analogy between seemingly dissimilar objects.	17
14615614877	Connotation	The nonliteral, associative meaning of a word; the implied, suggested meaning.	18
14615615245	Denotation	The strict, literal, dictionary definition of a word, devoid of any emotion, attitude, or color.	19
14615615833	Diction	Related to style, diction refers to the writer's word choices, especially with regard to their correctness, clearness, or effectiveness.	20
14615616335	Didactic	These works have the primary aim of teaching or intructing, especially moral or ethical priniciples	21
14615618064	Eupheism	A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept	22
14615619481	Exposition	In essays, one of the four chief types of composition, the others being argumentation, description, and narration. The purpose of this is to explain something. In drama, the this is the introductory material, which creates the tone, gives the setting, and introduces the characters and conflict.	23
14615620874	Extended Metaphor	A metaphor developed at great length, occurring frequently in or throughout a work.	24
14615621264	Figurative Language	Writing or speech that is not intended to carry literal meaning and is usually meant to be imaginative and vivid.	25
14615621757	Figure of Speech	a device used to produce figurative language	26
14615622174	Generic Conventions	This term describes traditions for each genre. These help to define each genre; for example, they differentiate an essay and journalistic writing or an autobiography and political writing.	27
14615623206	Genre	The major category into which a literary work fits.	28
14615623335	Homily	This term literally means "sermon," but more informally, it can include any serious talk, speech, or lecture involving moral or spiritual advice.	29
14615623854	Hyperbole	A figure of speech that uses exaggeration to express strong emotion, make a point, or evoke humor	30
14615624473	Imagery	The sensory details or figurative language used to describe, arouse emotion, or represent abstractions.	31
14615624739	Inference/Infer	to draw a reasonable conclusion from the information presented	32
14615625008	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	33
14615625383	Irony/Ironic	the contrast between what is stated explicitly and what is really meant	34
14615625573	Juxtaposition	placing two elements side by side to present a comparison or contrast	35
14615625849	Litotes	a type of understatement in which an idea is expressed by negating its opposite	36
14615626403	Loose Sentence	A type of sentence in which the main idea comes first, followed by dependent grammatical units such as phrases and clauses	37
14615626796	Metaphor	A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things (without using like or as)	38
14615627601	Metonymy	A figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it.	39
14615628807	Indicative Mood	states a fact or asks a question	40
14615634892	Subjunctive Mood	This is used to express conditions contrary to the current situation (Like "If I were you, I'd get a job.")	41
14615635983	Imperative Mood	A Command	42
14615636796	Narrative	The telling of a story or an account of an event or series of events.	43
14615637460	Onomatopoeia	A word that imitates the sound it represents.	44
14615638307	Oxymoron	a figure of speech wherein the author groups apparently contradictory terms to suggest a paradox	45
14615641175	Paradox	A statement that appears to be self-contradictory or opposed to common sense but upon closer inspection contains some degree of truth or validity.	46
14615643324	Parallelism	the grammatical or rhetorical framing of words, phrases, sentences, or paragraphs to give structural similarity	47
14615645777	Parody	A work that closely imitates the style or content of another with the specific aim of comic effect and/or ridicule.	48
14615646089	Pedantic	An adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish.	49
14615648486	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end. The clause is preceded by a phrase that cannot stand alone	50
14615647902	Personification	A figure of speech in which an object or animal is given human feelings, thoughts, or attitudes	51
14615646850	Point of View	the perspective from which a story is told	52
14615651441	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	53
14615651682	Prose	one of the major divisions of genre, thisrefers to fiction and nonfiction, including all its forms	54
14615655059	Repetition	The duplication, either exact or approximate, of any element of language, such as a sound, word, phrase, clause, sentence, or grammatical pattern.	55
14615656032	Rhetor	The speaker who uses elements of rhetoric effectively in oral or written test.	56
14615656033	Rhetoric	the principles governing the art of writing effectively, eloquently, and persuasively	57
14615657422	Rhetorical Modes	This flexible term describes the variety, the conventions, and the purposes of the major kinds of writing.	58
14615657955	Rhetorical Questions	A question asked merely for effect with no answer expected.	59
14615657423	Satire	A work that targets human vices and follies or social institutions and conventions for reform or ridicule.	60
14615658500	Sarcasm	This involves bitter, caustic language that is meant to hurt or ridicule someone or something	61
14615663482	Semantics	The branch of linguistics that studies the meaning of words, their historical and psychological development, their connotations, and their relation to one another.	62
14615663686	Style	an evaluation of the sum of the choices an author makes in blending diction, syntax, figurative language, and other literary devices, OR, classifying authors to a certain group	63
14615665596	Subordinate Clause	a clause that cannot stand alone	64
14615666939	Syllogism	A three-part deductive system of formal logic that presents two premesis	65
14615669165	Symbols/Symbolism	anything that represents itself and stands for something else	66
14615669544	Synechdote	using one part of an object to represent the entire object	67
14615669717	Syntax	The way an author chooses to join words into phrases, clauses, and sentences.	68
14615670462	Theme	The central idea or message of a work, the insight it offers into life	69
14615670828	Thesis	the sentence or group of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or position	70
14615671113	Tone	The author's attitude toward his material, the audience, or both	71
14615675098	Transition	a word or phrase that links different ideas	72
14615675318	Trope	an artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas	73
14615677975	Understatement	The ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is.	74
14615678378	Wit	intellectually amusing language that surprises and delights	75
14615678894	Zeugma	A trope in which one word, usually a noun or the main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning (He maintained a businees and his innocence.")	76