AP world history unit one Flashcards

14701377454	Abbasids Dynasty	Dynasty that ruled Baghdad 750-1258. Tried to make a dynasty of Muslims all being equal, had great military conquests, and flourished with wealth and power	0
14701380245	Age Grades were ____.	groups of people that included all individuals within a given community born within a few years of one another. members of each age-group would perform tasks appropriate for their development	1
14701384613	Allah	Islamic God	2
14701385644	angkor	A temple complex built in the Khmer Empire and dedicated to the Hindu God, Vishnu.	3
14701387457	Artha	One of the four goals of Hindu life, the striving to be successful	4
14701388729	Aztec Empire	Central American empire constructed by the Mexica and expanded greatly during the fifteenth century during the reigns of Itzcoatl and Motecuzoma I.	5
14701391125	bananas	the introduction of a new food crop about 400 CE encouraged a fresh migratory surge in Africa. what was the crop?	6
14701392629	bantu peoples	East Africa. Family of languages began to move from Niger into East Africa. Spread Iron smelting techniques	7
14701394623	Bedouin	a nomadic Arab of the desert.	8
14701396143	Bhagavad Gita (Hinduism)	Most sacred section of the Mahabharata; key Hindu beliefs; some scholars consider it to be Hinduism's most important religious text	9
14701400695	Bhakti Movement	An immensely popular development in Hinduism, advocating intense devotion toward a particular deity.	10
14701402310	bodhisattva	a person who has attained enlightenment but who has postponed nirvana in order to help others achieve enlightenment	11
14701404508	bogomils	Bulgarian group active in the 10th and 11th centuries that believed in rejecting the material world and extreme asceticism	12
14701405847	brahmins	priests	13
14701406560	Buddhism	Belief system that started in India in the 500s BC. Happiness can be achieved through removal of one's desires. Believers seek enlightenment and the overcoming of suffering.	14
14701413550	Byzantine Empire	(330-1453) The eastern half of the Roman Empire, which survived after the fall of the Western Empire at the end of the 5th century C.E. Its capital was Constantinople, named after the Emperor Constantine.	15
14701415069	caholia		16
14701418503	Caliph	successor to Muhammad as political and religious leader of the Muslims	17
14701424523	Calupulli	Clans in Aztec society, later expanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors.	18
14701426353	Camels	The Romans introduced these animals to Africa, greatly increasing trade.	19
14701429681	Capetian Kings	Kings descended from Hugh Capet; influence spread outward from small areas around Paris and Orleans; comprised a dynasty that lasted 300 years	20
14701431318	Caste System in India	was created by the aryan invaders of india	21
14701444827	Cathars	Medieval heretics, also known as the Albigensians, who considered the material world evil; their followers renounced wealth and marriage and promoted an ascetic existence.	22
14701446494	Cathedral Schools	Schools organized by bishops and archbishops in France and northern Italy whose liberal arts curricula often offered instruction in law, medicine, and theology.	23
14701449504	Chimu	regional Andean chiefdom that flourished from 800 to 1465 C.E.; fell to the Incas.	24
14701453075	Chinampa	Raised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields formed by the aztecs.	25
14701455130	Chivalry	the medieval knightly system with its religious, moral, and social code.	26
14701456652	Chola Kingdom	the wealthy trading state that controlled southern India from 850 through 1267	27
14701458911	Christianity	A monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior.	28
14701465949	Chucuito	kingdom that dominated highlands around Lake Titicaca; depended on cultivation of potatoes and herding llamas and alpacas; heavily terraced fields, chewed coca	29
14701472100	Confucianism	The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct.	30
14701473440	Council of Nicaea	(325 CE) A council called by Constantine to agree upon correct Christian doctrine and settle some disputes of the time.	31
14701474021	Crusades	A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule.	32
14701529788	Cuzco	Capital of the Incan empire	33
14701531194	Dar al-Islam	an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule	34
14701532192	Dharma (Hinduism)	In Hindu belief, a person's religious and moral duties	35
14701535477	Dominicans	Founded by Saint Dominic. Members of these religious orders, friars, lived and preached among the people instead of secluding themselves in monastries as members of most other religious orders did. Church ordered to seek out heretics and eliminate hersey.	36
14701536802	Eleanor of Aquitaine	One of the most powerful women in the middle ages. Henry II married her to gain her lands.	37
14701539856	Emporia	India being in the middle of the Indian Ocean it was a natural site for this and warehouses, traders exchanged their cargoes at Cambay, Calicut or Quilon for goods to take back west with the winter monsoon	38
14701543930	Four Noble Truths of Buddhism	1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path	39
14701547601	Franciscans	A religious order founded by St. Francis and based on simplicity and poverty	40
14701548940	gold trade in West and Central Africa	made inland nations rich, relied on slave trade and gold to increase wealth, stunted/slowed industrialization, made African nations dependent, needed to purchase European weapons to expand control of region	41
14701550711	Grand Canal	The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire.	42
14701552119	Great Zimbabwe	A stone-walled enclosure found in Southeast Africa. Have been associated with trade, farming, and mining.	43
14701552528	Griots	Professional oral historians who served as keepers of traditions and advisors to kings within the Mali Empire	44
14701553071	Guilds	Association of merchants or artisans who cooperated to protect their economic interests	45
14701555347	Gunpowder	The formula, brought to China in the 400s or 500s, was first used to make fumigators to keep away insect pests and evil spirits. In later centuries it was used to make explosives and grenades and to propel cannonballs, shot, and bullets.	46
14701557656	Guru Kabir	(1440-1518) a blind weaver, who was one of the most famous bhakti teachers, went so far to teach that Shiva, Vishnu, and Allah were all manifestations of single, universal deity.	47
14701559463	Hadith	The compiled work of the life and teachings of Muhammad.	48
14701560309	Hajj	A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims	49
14701562310	Hangzhou	Capital of later Song dynasty; located near East China Sea; permitted overseas trading; population exceeded 1 million.	50
14701562924	Hanseatic League	an organization of north German and Scandinavian cities for the purpose of establishing a commercial alliance.	51
14701563824	Hebrews	A smaller early civilization whose development of a monotheistic faith that provided the foundation of modern Judaism, Christianity, and Islam assured them a significant place in world history	52
14701565310	Hinayana/Theravada Buddhism	a name given to more conservative buddhism schools.	53
14701566416	Holy Roman Empire	An empire established in Europe in the 10th century A.D.	54
14701568092	Huitzilopochtli	Aztec god of sun and war	55
14701570969	Inca Empire	The vast and sophisticated Peruvian empire centered at the capital city of Cuzco that was at its peak from 1438 until 1532	56
14701571543	inti	sun god of the Inca	57
14701572994	Iroquois	A later native group to the eastern woodlands. They blended agriculture and hunting living in common villages constructed from the trees and bark of the forests	58
14701577310	Islam	A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. Followers are called Muslims.	59
14701579618	Islamic Slave Trade	First developed out of the practice of slavery in pre-Islamic Arabia.	60
14701582974	Israelites/Hebrews	Created the first monotheistic religion in the world.	61
14701584706	Itzcoatl	An Aztec leader that defeated the Tepanecs; he destroyed records to reshape Aztec history	62
14701590922	Jews	a member of the people and cultural community whose traditional religion is Judaism and who trace their origins through the ancient Hebrew people of Israel to Abraham.	63
14701591923	Jihad	A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal	64
14701592781	Junks	Chinese ships, particularly from the 1400s, are often called these. It was a sturdy Chinese ship design and the largest of its kind were treasures ships that could carry a thousand tons of cargo.	65
14701599404	Kama	Pleasure, especially of sensual love; one of the four goals of life	66
14701602110	Kamakura Period	Period spanning from 1185- 1333 A.D. Feudal Japan began in this period, and the first shogunate was appointed.The Mongols invaded twice but were repelled by Kamikaze Typhoon. Zen Buddhism Flourished and wars drained the economy.	67
14701605254	Kebra Negast	(The Glory of Kings) - fictional work, tried to trace lineage from Ethiopia's Solomonic dynasty to the Israelite kings David and Solomon	68
14701606713	Kilwa	one of many trading cities on the East African coast	69
14701610771	Kin-based societies	A government based on families and chiefs ruling over small groups. Africans depended on these instead of an organized hierarchy government.	70
14701612689	Kingdom of Kongo	Basin of the Congo (Zaire) river, conglomeration of several village alliances, participated actively in trade networks, most centralized rule of the early Bantu kingdoms, royal currency: cowries, ruled 14th-17th century until undermined by Portuguese slave traders	71
14701615673	Koumbi Saleh	The city in which the king of Ghana held his court	72
14701617274	Krishna	A god associated with divine playfulness; a form of Vishnu	73
14701618828	Kshatriyas	warriors	74
14701624512	Mahabharata	the longest single poem in the world, about a war fought between two branches of the same family. One of India's greatest epics written between 1000 and 700 BC	75
14701625320	Mahayana Buddhism	Also known as popular Buddhism, is allows people more ways to reach enlightenment and boddhisatvas can help you reach enlightenment.	76
14701634396	Majapahit	Sea trade based, larger of kingdoms on Java	77
14701636446	Mali Empire	From 1235-1400, this was a strong empire of Western African. With its trading cities of Timbuktu and Gao, it had many mosques and universities. The Empire was ruled by two great rulers, Sundiata and Mansa Musa. Thy upheld a strong gold-salt trade. The fall of the empire was caused by the lack of strong rulers who could govern well.	78
14701637306	Mansa Musa	Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East.	79
14701639387	Marco Polo	Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade.	80
14701640026	Mecca	the holiest city of Islam; Muhammad's birthplace, holy city of Islam	81
14701641482	Mexica	The name given to themselves by the Aztec people	82
14701642182	Moksha	Becoming liberated for the cycle of reincarnation in Hinduism. also the known as the endless cycle of births.	83
14701644610	Monotheism	belief in only one god	84
14701645808	Monsoons	seasonal wind patterns that cause wet and dry seasons	85
14701648042	Motecuhzoma	Aztec leader when Europeans came to Mexico	86
14701652617	Muhammad	Arab prophet; founder of religion of Islam.	87
14701654277	Muromachi Period	The period in Japanese history between 1392 and 1568 that was initiated when the Ashikaga family gained control of the shogunate and established their center of power in the Muromachi district of Kyoto.	88
14701654928	Muslim	a follower of the religion of Islam	89
14701656028	Navajo	a member of the Navajo Indian tribe	90
14701661266	Neo-Confucianism	term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism	91
14701662671	Nirvana (Buddhism)	ultimate reality/goal, the end of suffering	92
14701664017	Noble Eightfold Path	The fourth of the Four Noble Truths; defines the basic practices of Buddhism that lead to nirvana	93
14701665134	porcelain	a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China	94
14701666223	pueblo	home or community of homes built by Native Americans	95
14701668032	Qadis	Islamic judges	96
14701668903	Quaran	The holy book of Islam	97
14701669973	Quechua	language of the Inca	98
14701671113	Quetzalcoatl	Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes	99
14701672969	Quipu	An arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.	100
14701674004	Ramanuja	The twelfth-century devotee of Vishnu, who believed that personal devotion and personal union with the deity was more important than an intellectual understanding of ultimate reality	101
14701676040	Reconquista	The effort by Christian leaders to drive the Muslims out of Spain, lasting from the 1100s until 1492.	102
14701676732	Relics	valued holy objects from the past	103
14701677759	Sammurai	warriors in Japan who protected the Shogun	104
14701678294	Shankara	definition: southern India; tried to harmonize all the Hindu writings significance: matured Hinduism	105
14701680861	Sharia	Body of Islamic law that includes interpretation of the Quran and applies Islamic principles to everyday life	106
14701681755	Shia	the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad	107
14701683061	Shinto	The traditional religion of Japan	108
14701683745	Shiva	A Hindu god considered the destroyer of the world.	109
14701684882	Shogun	In feudal Japan, a noble similar to a duke. They were the military commanders and the actual rulers of Japan for many centuries while the Emperor was a powerless spiritual figure.	110
14701685923	Singosari	Sea trade based, smaller of kingdoms on Java	111
14701687399	Song Dynasty	(960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military.	112
14701690067	Song Taizu	Founder of the Song Dynasty	113
14701690945	St. Tomas Aquinas	Known as the "dumb ox", he wrote the summa theologica, famous for a section of the ST called Quinque Viae (the five ways). Theologian and philosopher.	114
14701691722	St. Augustinefoot binding	the binding of feet to make them smaller and more attractive in women	115
14701693562	Stupas	a dome-shaped structure erected as a Buddhist shrine.	116
14701695328	Sufis	mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life	117
14701696282	Sultanate of Delhi	Islamic state in northern India established by Mahmud's successors in 1206 C.E. that began to establish the presence of Islam on the Indian subcontinent.	118
14701697118	Sundiata	the founder of Mali empire. He crushed his enemies and won control of the gold trade routes	119
14701698618	Sunni	A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad	120
14701699709	Swahili	A Bantu language with arabic words, spoken along the east african coast	121
14701701419	Tenochtitlan	Capital of the Aztec Empire	122
14701702467	Texacoco	Lake on which Tenochtitlan is built	123
14701703936	Tezcatlipoca	The Aztec lord of the night sky.	124
14701705061	Timbuktu	Mali trading city that became a center of wealth and learning	125
14701973347	Tlatelolco	Originally a separate island city in Lake Texcoco; later incorporated into Tenochtitlan; Market remained the most important in combined city.	126
14701974433	Toltecs	Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice.	127
14701975515	Trans-Saharan Trade	route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading	128
14701976958	Troubadours	wandering poets; their love songs focused on cherishing and protecting women	129
14701982286	Ulama	Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. (p. 238)	130
14701982307	Umma	The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community.	131
14701983653	Vijayanagar Kingdom	Southern Indian kingdom (1336-1565) that later fell to the Mughals.	132
14701985766	Viracocha	God of the Incas who was thought to be creator of all the people of the Andes	133
14701986475	Vishnu	A Hindu god considered the preserver of the world	134
14701987812	Wu Zhao	Tang ruler and only woman in China ever to assume the title of emperor	135
14701989014	Yahweh	Hebrew name for God	136
14701990580	Zhu Xi	(1130-1200) Most prominent of neo-Confucian scholars during the Song dynasty in China; stressed importance of applying philosophical principles to everyday life and action	137
14701991520	Zimbabwe	a country of southern Africa. Various Bantu peoples migrated into the area during the first millennium, displacing the earlier San inhabitants	138