Chapters 2-3 AP World History Flashcards

14739923524	Prehistory	Time before writing	0
14739923525	5000 years ago	When was writing invented?	1
14739923526	Archaeology	study of artifacts and relics of early mankind (helped us understand our past)	2
14739923527	Artifacts	Objects made by humans	3
14739923528	Written records	What do historians rely more on than archaeologists?	4
14739923529	Old Stone Age (Paleolithic Age)	the earliest period of human history	5
14739923530	Nomads	People who move from place to place in search of food	6
14739923531	after life	What did nomads most likely believe in?	7
14739923532	New Stone Age (Neolithic Age)	10000 BCE to present day	8
14739923533	Farming and domestication of animals	What are two main features of the Neolithic age?	9
14739923534	Cities, governments, and religion	What was found in early civilizations?	10
14739923535	River valleys	Where do the first cities emerge?	11
14739923536	Bureaucracy	A system of managing government through departments run by appointed officials	12
14739923537	Artisans	skilled workers	13
14739923538	priests and nobles	What group made up the highest classes in society during the beginning of civilizations?	14
14739923539	Slaves	What group occupied the lowest social level during the beginning of civilizations?	15
14739923540	Migration, trade, and warfare	In what three ways does cultural diffusion occur?	16
14739923541	Sargon	Who invaded and conquered the city-states of Sumer? Also built the up first empire	17
14739923591		King of Babylon who established a major collection of laws "an eye for an eye"	18
14739923542	Hittites	Brought new skills to the region. Learned how to extract iron from ore, invented iron tools and weapons	19
14739923543	Mesopotamia (now Iraq)	Land between the Tigris and Euphrates river	20
14739923544	Fertile Crescent	What was another name for Mesopotamia?	21
14739923545	Ur and Erech	What are the two great Sumerian cities called?	22
14739923546	Ziggurats	What were pyramid temples with shrines to the gods called?	23
14739923547	peasant farmers	What was the majority of sumerians?	24
14739923548	War	Where were most slaves captured?	25
14739923549	Cuneiform	What was the earliest known form of writing developed by Sumerians called?	26
14739923550	Number system	What else did sumerians develop?	27
14739923551	Helped crops	Why were yearly crops important to ancient Egypt?	28
14739923552	Pyramid Age	What was the Old Kingdom of Egypt called?	29
14739923553	Pharaohs	Another name for Egyptian rulers	30
14739923554	The after life	What did Egyptians believe in?	31
14739923555	Middle Kingdom	During what period of the Nile was the problem with floods?	32
14739923556	Nubia	Where did the empire expand to during the Middle Kingdom?	33
14739923557	Hyksos (horse drawn chariots)	Who invaded Egypt during the Middle Kingdom? With what?	34
14739923558	New Kingdom	During what period did the Egyptians start trading with other parts of the world?	35
14739923559	Africa and Middle East	Who did Egypt trade with?	36
14739923560	Hatshepsut	Who was Egypt's first queen? (First female ruler in the world) (wore a fake mustache as a sign of authority)	37
14739923561	Divine forces that controlled the after life	Whom did Egyptians always try to appeal to?	38
14739923562	Amon Re	What was the name of the sun god?	39
14739923563	god of the nile and underworld	Osiris	40
14739923564	Osiris	Who developed mummification?	41
14739923565	Hieroglyphics	Name of the picture writing used by Egyptians	42
14739923566	Hang He River Valley (River of Sorrow)	Where did the first civilization emerge in China?	43
14739923567	Oracle bones	Where is the oldest example of Chinese writing found?	44
14739923568	To predict the future	What was a use for Oracle bones?	45
14739923569	Gained control of a corner of northern China along Huang He River	Shang dynasty	46
14739923570	Zhou dynasty	Group that came from their kingdom on western frontier to overthrow the Shang Dynasty	47
14739923571	Mandate of Heaven	What idea did the Zhou dynasty promote?	48
14739923572	Floods and famine	What were some signs that the dynasty lost the favor of Heaven?	49
14739923573	Feudalism	A system of government in which local lords governed their own lands	50
14739923574	Yes	In history were the Chinese the most advanced civilization?	51
14739923575	India	Who had limited contact between other lands?	52
14739923576	Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro	what were the two main cities in the Indus River Valley? (became twin capitals"	53
14739923577	Were farmers and traders	What did majority people do for a living in the Indus Valley cities?	54
14739923578	Ecological or Natural Disaster	Why did Indus Valley cities decline around 1750 BCE?	55
14739923579	Aryans	What group from the North invaded Indus Valley cities?	56
14739923580	Horse-drawn chariots and had superior weapons	What did Aryans use?	57
14739923581	No	Did the Aryans build societies or monuments?	58
14739923582	Vedas	What was the collection of writings from Aryans called?	59
14739923583	Brahmins	Priests	60
14739923584	Kshatriyas	Warriors	61
14739923585	Vaisyas	Herders and farmers	62
14739923586	Sudras (non Aryans)	servants and laborers	63
14739923587	Hunter gathering	What did men take the lead in?	64
14739923588	Horticulture	Hoe-based agriculture	65
14739923589	Fertile Crescent	What was the first area to experience a full Agricultural Revolution?	66
14739923590	Sahara in present day Sudan	Where in Africa was their domestication?	67