AP Language Terms and Techniques Flashcards

14650569718	ad hominem fallacy	a fallacy of logic in which the widespread occurrence of something is assumed to make it true or right; for example, "The Escort is the most widely sold car in the world; therefore, it must be the best."	0
14650573127	alliteration	Repetition of initial consonant sounds	1
14650573983	allusion	a passing reference to something or someone outside the immediate scope of the work; clarifies or explains the situation	2
14650574918	ambiguous	capable of many interpretations	3
14650575457	analogy	an extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	4
14650576075	anecdote	a short account of interesting events	5
14650576539	antecedent	the noun to which a later pronoun refers	6
14650577733	antithesis	in direct opposition or contrast. Used in literature to form a contrast within the structure of a sentence, as in "Give me liberty or give me death."	7
14650579771	appeal to authority	citation of information from people recognized for their special knowledge of a subject for the purpose of strengthening a speaker or writer's arguments	8
14650582201	asyndeton	leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	9
14650583925	begging the question	a fallacy of logical argument that assumes as true the everything that one is trying to prove; for example: 1. The Bible is the infallible word of God. 2. The Bible says that God exists. Therefore, 3. God exists.	10
14650587302	colloquial expression	words and phrases used in everyday speech but avoided in formal writing and speaking	11
14650587965	complex sentence	a sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	12
14650589448	connotation	an association that a word calls to mind in addition to its dictionary/literal meaning	13
14650591211	denotation	a word's objective meaning (dictionary meaning)	14
14650592936	dialect	the language and/or word pronunciation specific to a region or group	15
14650594089	didactic	originally used to mean any instructive rhetoric, it has taken on the pejorative meaning of dull or overly formal	16
14650595635	elegiac	mournful over what has passed or been lost	17
14650606415	ethos	the qualities of character, intelligence, and goodwill in an arguer that contribute to an audience's acceptance of the claim	18
14650607874	euphemism	a word or phrase that takes the place of a harsh, unpleasant, or impolite reality. The use of passed away for died, and let go for fired are two examples.	19
14650611440	explication	a detailed examination covering all aspects of a work	20
14650622394	fallacy	an error of reasoning bsed on faulty use of eidence of incorrect inference	21
14650622785	false analogy	assuming without sufficient proof that if objects or processes are similar in other ways as well	22
14650623586	false dilemma	a fallacy of logical argument which is committed when too few of the available alternatives are considered, and all but one are assessed and deemed impossible or unacceptable; for example: "Are you going to college to make something of yourself, or are you going to end up being an unemployable bum like me?"	23
14650626059	hasty generalizations	drawing conclusions from insufficient evidence	24
14650626581	hyperbole	a deliberate exaggeration or overstatement	25
14650626868	inversion	reversal of the normal order of words for emphasis or dramatic effect; often used in poetry: "Never will I yield."	26
14650633573	juxtaposition	placing two unlike persons, places, or things next to each other to create an effect, reveal an attitude, or accomplish a purpose	27
14650635553	meonymy	a figure of speech that substitutes something closely related for the thing actually meant. In the opening line of "The Lost Leader," Robert Browning says, "Just for a handful of silver he left us," using silver to refer to money in the form of a government grant	28
14650637922	non sequitur	a statement that does not follow logically from what preceded it	29
14650640003	parallelism	a sentence, paragraph, line of verse, etc., which expresses a comparison giving equal stress and weight to ideas, concepts, phrases, etc.	30
14650641972	periodic sentence structure	a sentence written so that the full meaning cannot be understood until the end; for example: Across the stream, beyond the clearing, from behind the fallen tree, the lion emerged.	31
14650643264	qualifier	a claim restriction that limits the claim by stating the claim may not always be true as stated	32
14650644215	rhetoric	any type of eloquent, learned, effective use of language (written or spoken), especially designed to persuade	33
14650650286	satire	writing that ridicules or holds up to contempt the faults of individuals or of groups. A satirist may use a sympathetic tone or an angry, bitter tone.	34
14650660058	sentence patterns	the arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions-such as simple, compound, complex or compound-complex	35
14650662572	simple sentence	a statement containing a subject and a predicate; an independent clause	36
14650662898	subordinate clause	a clause that modifies an independent clause, created by a subordinating conjunction	37
14650664498	syllogism	a logical argument based on a major and a minor premise to a conclusion: All elephants are gray. Tonka is an elephant. Tonka is gray.	38
14650666544	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part of something is used to stand for the whole. The word "wheels" refers to a car; "smokes" for cigarettes, and "keys" to a piano.	39
14650670693	syntax	the pattern or arrangement of words into a coherent thought	40
14650670955	tone	the writer's attitude toward the readers and toward the subject. A writer's tone may be formal or informal, friendly or distant, personal or pompous.	41
14650674473	understatement	deliberately representing something as much less than it really is. Jonathon Swift wrote, "Last week I saw a woman flayed, and you will hardly believe how much it altered her appearance."	42
14650676252	voice	In writing, a metaphor drawn from the spoken, encompassing the writer's tone, style, and manner	43