Language arts AP Flashcards
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| 14653317978 | Alliteration | The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables | 0 | |
| 14653321318 | Allusion | An indirect reference, often to another text or an historic event | 1 | |
| 14653322808 | Analogy | An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things. | 2 | |
| 14653325399 | Anaphora | The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses | 3 | |
| 14653328196 | Anecdote | A short account of an intense event | 4 | |
| 14653330304 | Annotation | Explanatory or critical notes added to a text | 5 | |
| 14653342652 | antecedent | The noun to which a later pronoun refers. | 6 | |
| 14653343532 | Antithesis | The direct opposite, a sharp contrast. | 7 | |
| 14653345234 | Aphorism | A short, astute statement of a general truth. | 8 | |
| 14653347779 | Appositive | A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun. | 9 | |
| 14653349087 | archaic diction | The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language. | 10 | |
| 14653350586 | Argument | A statement put forth and supported by evidence. | 11 | |
| 14653352967 | Aristotelian triangle | A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see rhetorical triangle). | 12 | |
| 14653354535 | Assertion | An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument. | 13 | |
| 14653361387 | Assumption | A belief or statement taken for granted without proof. | 14 | |
| 14653362056 | Asyndeton | Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses. | 15 | |
| 14653363639 | attitude | The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone | 16 | |
| 14653364244 | audience | One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed. | 17 | |
| 14653367917 | authority | A reliable, respected source—someone with knowledge. | 18 | |
| 14653367918 | Bias | Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue. | 19 | |
| 14653368810 | cite | Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source. | 20 | |
| 14653368811 | claim | An assertion, usually supported by evidence. | 21 | |
| 14653373202 | close reading | A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, and other literary and structural elements of a text. | 22 | |
| 14653374303 | Colloquialism | An informal or conversational use of language. | 23 | |
| 14653375030 | Common ground | Shared beliefs, values, or positions. | 24 | |
| 14653375031 | Complex sentence | A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause. | 25 | |
| 14653376659 | Concession | A reluctant acknowledgment or yielding. | 26 | |
| 14653377275 | Connotation | That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning (see denotation). | 27 | |
| 14653383280 | Context | Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning. | 28 | |
| 14653384447 | Coordination | Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but. | 29 | |
| 14653384448 | Counter argument | A challenge to a position; an opposing argument. | 30 | |
| 14653385303 | Cumulative sentence | -an independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail. | 31 | |
| 14653385304 | Declarative sentence | A sentence that makes a statement. | 32 | |
| 14653390801 | Deduction | Reasoning from general to specific. | 33 | |
| 14653390802 | Denotation | The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition. | 34 | |
| 14653392562 | Diction | Word choice. Documentation: Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing. | 35 | |
| 14653392563 | Elegiac | Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone. | 36 | |
| 14653393211 | Epigram | A brief witty statement. | 37 | |
| 14653393212 | Ethos | A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see logos and pathos). | 38 | |
| 14653394039 | Exigence | Issue or situation that demands prompt action or remedy. | 39 | |
| 14653399479 | Explicit | Fully and clearly expressed or demonstrated; leaving nothing merely implied. | 40 | |
| 14653399480 | Figurative language | Language that cannot be taken literally since it was written to create a special effect or feeling. | 41 | |
| 14653400092 | Figure of speech | A device used to produce figurative language. | 42 | |
| 14653400093 | Hyperbole | Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis. | 43 | |
| 14653401231 | Imagery | Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses (sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing). | 44 | |
| 14653401232 | Implicit | implied, rather than expressly stated. | 45 | |
| 14653404068 | Imperative sentence | A sentence that requests or commands. | 46 | |
| 14653404622 | Induction | Reasoning from detailed facts to general principles. | 47 | |
| 14653404623 | Inversion | A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject. | 48 | |
| 14653405187 | Irony | A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant. | 49 | |
| 14653414125 | Juxtaposition | Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts. | 50 | |
| 14653414126 | Logos | A Greek term that means "word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and pathos). | 51 | |
| 14653414602 | Metaphor | A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison. | 52 | |
| 14653414603 | Metonymy | Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole. | 53 | |
| 14653415602 | Occasion | An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing. Oxymoron: A figure of speech that combines two contradictory terms. | 54 | |
| 14653417733 | Paradox | A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true. | 55 | |
| 14653417734 | Parallelism | The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns. | 56 | |
| 14653418315 | Parody | piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent features of another; used for comic effect or ridicule. | 57 | |
| 14653418316 | Pathos | A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals (see ethos and logos). | 58 | |
| 14653419495 | Persona | The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing. | 59 | |
| 14653419496 | Personification | Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects. Polemic: An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion. | 60 | |
| 14653419998 | Polysyndeton | The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions. | 61 | |
| 14653420992 | Premise | major, minor two parts of a syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. | 62 | |
| 14653434447 | Major premise/ minor premise/ conclusion | All mammals are warm-blooded. Minor premise: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded (see syllogism). | 63 | |
| 14653436387 | Propaganda | A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information. | 64 | |
| 14653436388 | Purpose | One's intention or objective in a speech or piece of writing. | 65 | |
| 14653436389 | Qualify | To discuss the extent to which something may or may not be true. | 66 | |
| 14653437593 | Rebut | to refute by evidence or argument. | 67 | |
| 14653438562 | Rhetoric | The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion." | 68 | |
| 14653438563 | Rhetorical modes | Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation. | 69 | |
| 14653439437 | Rhetorical question | A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer. | 70 | |
| 14653439965 | Rhetorical situation | the relationship among the speaker, the subject, and the audience (see Aristotelian triangle). | 71 | |
| 14653440695 | Satire | ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it. | 72 | |
| 14653440696 | Scheme | A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect. | 73 | |
| 14653441379 | Sentence parts | The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions—such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex. | 74 | |
| 14653451389 | Sentence variety | Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect. | 75 | |
| 14653451390 | Simile | A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things. | 76 | |
| 14653452344 | Simple sentence | A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause. | 77 | |
| 14653452345 | Source | A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information. | 78 | |
| 14653453871 | Speaker | A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing. Straw man: A logical fallacy that involves the creation of an easily refutable position; misrepresenting, then attacking an opponent's position. | 79 | |
| 14653453872 | Style | The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech. | 80 | |
| 14653454730 | Subject | In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing. | 81 | |
| 14653455665 | Subordinate clause | Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause. | 82 | |
| 14653521569 | Suborbination | The dependence of one syntactic element on another in a sentence. | 83 | |
| 14653528481 | Syllogism | A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise (see premise; major, and minor). | 84 | |
| 14653528482 | Syntax | Sentence structure. | 85 | |
| 14653528489 | Synthesize | Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex. | 86 | |
| 14653530025 | Thesis | The central idea in a work to which all parts of the work refer. | 87 | |
| 14653549824 | Thesis statement | A statement of the central idea in a work, may be explicit or implicit. | 88 | |
| 14653549825 | Tone | The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience. | 89 | |
| 14653550280 | Topic sentence | A sentence, most often appearing at the beginning of a paragraph, that announces the paragraph's idea and often unites it with the work's thesis. | 90 | |
| 14653550281 | Transitions | Transitions are words and phrases that provide a connection between ideas, sentences, and paragraphs. | 91 | |
| 14653550818 | Trope | Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech. | 92 | |
| 14653550819 | Understatement | Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect. | 93 | |
| 14653552639 | Voice | In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice); in rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing. | 94 |