Age of Jackson and Antebellum Period Flashcards

12266025346	The Age of Jackson	- 1824-1844 - Age of the Common Man - Rise of Democratic Society: voters get more of a say in electing gov officials - Campaigns targeted at common man - Universal male suffrage (only white males) - Party Nominating Conventions: No more King Caucuses - Popular election of president - Two Party System: Democrats and Whigs - Third Parties: Anti-Masonic and Workingman's party - Spoils System and Rotation of Officeholders: Jackson appointed federal offices as a reward for helping the Democratic party; rotated offices to give all "deserving" Democrats a chance; anyone could hold office	0
12269827586	Whigs	Against Monarchy Leader: Clay Nationalistic, central Elitist Pro-moral reform Gov involvement in economy Northeast Yes to American Sys.	1
12269827587	Democrats	Party of the People Leader: Jackson Pro-states rights democratic, for common man Laissez Faire economics South and West No to American Sys.	2
12266025885	Election of 1824	- JQA, Henry Clay, Jackson, and William Crawford - Votes split- sectionalism - Jackson wins popular vote, but not enough Electoral College - House of Representatives have to choose -Corrupt Bargain: Henry Clay uses his influence to get Adams presidency; Clay became Secretary of State Jackson supporters angered by corruption	3
12269395470	Presidency of John Quincy Adams	- Asked for internal improvements, aid to manufacturing, national university - Tariff of 1828 (of Abominations) Satisfied North but alienated South	4
12269412485	Revolution/Election of 1828	- Jacksonians - Used discontent of southerners and westerners - Slander: Adam's wife born out of wedlock; Jackson's wife adulterer - Jackson as war hero	5
12269428302	Presidency of Jackson	- 1828-1836 Kitchen Cabinet: - Yes Men/Friends - takes advice and influence from cabinet - Represented common man/middle class - Wealthy planter and slave owner - No college education -Jeffersonian - Used veto 12 times For: preservation of union, state rights, exec. power Against: Fed. spending and big gov.	6
12309676119	Spoils System	Jackson gave favors and positions to those who supported his party	7
12269597142	Peggy Eaton Affair	- Wife of Jackson's Secretary of War - Target of gossip - Jackson tried to force cabinet to accept her, but many resigned as well as Calhoun - Van Buren VP in 2nd term	8
12269623812	Indian Removal Act	- 1830 - Forced removal of Indians to west of Mississippi - More land for land-hungry Americans Cherokee Nation vs Georgia (1831): - Cherokee were not foreign nation, had to abide by laws Worcester vs Georgia (1832): - Georgia had no power in Cherokee territory Jackson sides with states- SC rendered powerless	9
12269693983	Trail of Tears	1838; Indians forced to walk west; 4000 die	10
12269699259	Nullification Crisis	1832 - SC declares Tariff of 1828 unconstitutional and wants to nullify - Webster-Hayne: can a state defy or leave union? - Calhoun believed in nullification theory - Jackson creates Force Bill: authority to act against SC (it's treason) - Clay's Compromise: pay tariffs, lower tariffs, SC nullifies Force Bill	11
12269739240	Bank Veto/War	- 1832 - Jackson vetoes recharter of national bank (sees as unconstitutional, elite, corporate, and doesn't like paper money) - Withdrew federal funds and put them in pet (state) banks	12
12269758968	Specie Circular	- 1836 - Required that all future Federal land sales use gold and silver instead of paper money - bank notes became worthless - land sales went down	13
12269772050	Election of 1836	- Van Buren (former VP) chosen - practical politics - Whigs nominated three different candidates to try to split vote; failed	14
12269768211	Panic of 1837	-result of Specie Circular and closing of national bank - Whigs blame Democrats for laissez faire economics	15
12269853794	"Log Cabin and Hard Cider" Campaign of 1840	- Whigs in strong position - Voters unhappy with economics - William Henry Harrison (Tippecanoe war hero) - Focused on Harrison's humble origins -Attacked Van Buren as aristocrat -Harrison dies - John Tyler takes office in 1841 - did not really support Whigs	16
12269893472	Antebellum Period	period of reform before Civil War; 1820s-60s	17
13743002015	Migration during Antebellum Period	Potato Famine (1854-49): Irish (Catholic) immigrants which sparked Nativism; Gold Rush (1849): Chinese immigration and thousands migrate internally west	18
12269898248	The Second Great Awakening	- 1820s/30s/40s - Emphasis on reform - Began among the educated - Allowed for salvation for all - New York: burned over district (hell and brimstone revivals) - Individual change projected onto others - Evangelism: spreading of Christian gospel by public preaching/personal witness - Many fractures and new interpretations of Christianity	19
12269935190	Trancendentalists	- Emerson and Thoreau: questioned established churches and business practices - Discovering one's inner self - God in nature - Anti-materialistic - Question laws/gov. peacefully Brook Farm: George Ripley; MA; 1841	20
12269962489	Communal Living Experiments	Shakers: separated men and women; 1840 Amana Colonies: Iowa; German; pietism; simple life New Harmony: nonreligious; Indiana; Robert Owen; address inequity of industrialization; socialist Oneida: polygamy; 1848; John Noyes; social and economic equality; prospered because of silverware sales Fourier Phalanxes: 1840s; French Charles Fourier; people share work and homes	21
12269999471	Arts and Literature	Who: - George Bingham, William Mount, Thomas Cole, Frederick Church - Washington Irving, James Cooper, Hawthorne, Melville Paintings: Everyday, common scenes and people; rural scenes; landscapes (national pride) Architecture: Greek styles Literature: Writing about American life	22
12270058068	Temperance	- began around 1820s - Causes: high alcohol consumption, detrimental effects on families - Many states prohibited alcohol - Lyman Beecher: founder of the American Temperance society - Washingtonians- recovering	23
12270124384	Public Asylum Movement	-1820s and 30s - Cause: poor treatment of prisoners and emotionally disturbed Movement for public institutions with better conditions: - Mental hospitals and public asylums (Dorothea Dix) - Prisons -Schools for deaf (Gallaudet) and blind (Gridley)	24
12270163414	Public Education	- Free public school for all children Free Common Schools: - Horace Mann - Moral Education: moral principles taught as well; William McGuffey created popular moral textbooks; Catholics created their own schools - Higher Education: private colleges	25
12270228503	Women's Rights	Cult of Domesticity: - women took control of households and became moral leaders of houses Cause: Women did not like secondary status to men (especially in anti-slavery movement) and staying at home Who: - Grimké sisters: Letter on Condition of Women and the Equality of Sexes - Lucretia Mott and Elizabeth Stanton: campaigned for rights after being barred from speaking at anti-slavery convention	26
12270257347	Seneca Falls Convention	-1848 - New York - Declaration of Sentiments: all men and WOMEN are created equal Voting movement: Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton* Overshadowed by slavery	27
12270269842	American Colonization Society	- Anti-slavery movement - Robert Finley - 1816 - created African colony and send African Americans "back" - blacks and whites can't coexist appealed to both abolitionists (escape and gradual) and slaveholders (frees were threats, reinforced slavery)	28
12270310844	American Anti-Slavery Society	- William Lloyd Garrison - The Liberator (newspaper) - radical - immediate abolition	29
12270325921	Liberty Party	- Northerners - James Birney - political and legal abolition	30
12270330124	Black Abolitionists	Fredrick Douglass: - former slave - firsthand experience of brutality - The North Star (Journal) Others: Harriet Tubman, Sojourner Truth, David Ruggles, William Stills	31
13743015705	Nat Turner's Rebellion	1831; Virginia; Slaves revolted and killed many whites Caused fear of slave resistance and caused more restriction of black education and assembly	32
12270344972	Violent Abolitionists	David Walker: - Slaves should take matters into their own hands and revolt - violent and immediate - appealed to religion and DOI Nat Turner: - Slave who organized uprising - Put down Growing fear of slave revolts	33
12270378552	Labor Reform Movement	movement to improve working conditions and working hours; led by the Lowell Mill Girls who initiated the first strike.	34