AP English Language Terms Flashcards

9936714151	ad hominem	that involves commenting on or against an opponent/to undermine him instead of his arguments, "against the man", logical fallacy	0
9936715956	abstract generalization	vague, opposite of concrete, intangible	1
9936719895	accumulation	Heaping on of words, aka congeries, gathering of points and listing them together	2
9936719896	allegory	abstract ideas and principles are described in terms of characters/figures/events, narrative that uses symbols, intended to teach a lesson	3
9936721125	alliteration	Repetition of the same sound beginning several words or syllables in a sequence	4
9936726059	allusion	Brief reference to a person, event, or place (real or fictitious) or to a work of art	5
9936726060	analogy	comparison where an idea or a thing is compared to another thing that it is different from, aims to explain that idea/thing by comparing it to something that is familiar	6
9936730274	analysis	explain something bit by bit to enhance understanding	7
9936730275	antecedent	earlier clause/phrase/word to which a pronoun/noun/another word refers	8
9936731938	anticlimax	expectations are raised followed by a disappointing/boring situation, or a sudden transition in discourse from an important idea to a ludicrous or trivial one	9
9936731939	antithesis	Opposition, or contrast, of ideas or words in a parallel construction	10
9936733468	apostrophe	speaking directly to someone who is not present/dead/inanimate object	11
9936733469	appeal to authority	aka appeal to false authority, logical fallacy, insisting that a claim is true simply because a valid authority or expert on the issue said it was true without any other supporting evidence offered	12
9936735620	argument	main statement, point on which the writer will develop his work in order to convince his readers	13
9936735621	audience	person for whom a writer writes	14
9936740572	authorial aside	short comment or speech that a character delivers directly to the audience/himself, only the audience knows what was said	15
9936743140	balanced sentence	made up of two segments which are equal, not only in length, but also in grammatical structure and meaning, always have parallelism	16
9936744969	circumlocution	indirect way of saying something, roundabout speech	17
9936746939	colloquial expressions	use of informal words/phrases/slang in a piece of writing, gives work a sense of realism	18
9936750288	deductive reasoning	starts out with a general statement and tries to reach a specific, logical conclusion	19
9936750289	inductive reasoning	makes broad generalizations from specific observations	20
9936754921	extended metaphor	a comparison between two unlike things that continues throughout a series of sentences in a paragraph/lines in a poem	21
9936757983	enumeration	listing if details, emphasizes or elucidates topic	22
9936759228	euphemism	polite/indirect expressions that replace words and phrases considered harsh/impolite/disgusting, idiomatic statement	23
9936759229	aphorism	pithy/concise saying that expresses a general truth	24
9936760361	exposition	device used to introduce background information about events/settings/characters/other elements of a work to the audience	25
9936761811	hyperbole	extreme exaggeration or a statement not meant to be taken literally	26
9936764157	rhetorical shift	change in mood accompanied by a change in nuance, focus may shift and it is frequently introduced with "But" or "so"	27
9936768511	ironical understatement	understatement that ironic, see understatement	28
9936770767	juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize similarities or differences	29
9936770768	narration	act of explaining something or telling a story	30
9936771835	oxymoron	Paradoxical juxtaposition of words that seem to contradict one another	31
9936774999	paradox	statement that is self-contradictory or silly, but may include a latent truth	32
9936778368	onomatopoeia	word that imitates the natural sound of a thing	33
9936780324	personification	Attribution of a lifelike quality to an inanimate object or an idea	34
9936780325	parallelism	Similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	35
9936789684	qualifying adjective	adjective that describes the "qualities" of a person/object	36
9936790922	refutation	speaker acknowledges opposing arguments and disproves the opposing arguments	37
9936790923	repetition	repeating the same words or phrases a few times to make an idea clearer and more memorable	38
9936792310	rhetorical questions	asked for effect or to lay emphasis on some point being discussed, no real answer expected	39
9936792311	simile	figure of speech that compares using the words "like" or "as"	40
9936794177	metaphor	Figure of speech that compares two things without using "like" or "as."	41
9936795961	speaker	narrative voice that speaks writer's feelings/thoughts, voice through which the story is told	42
9936795962	SOAPSTone	used to analyze a passage; Subject, Occasion, Audience, Purpose, Speaker, Tone	43
9936797396	staccato phrases	phrases that focus reader on content because there are no unnecessary words hiding meaning, convey message w/ gradually increasing vehemence	44
9936797397	syllogism	device with 3 parts: a major premise, minor premise, conclusion that is deduced	45
9936799116	symbol	Something that represents something else by association/resemblance/convention	46
9936799117	tone	a writer's attitude toward a subject, how the writer approaches the theme	47
9936804892	understatement	contains an expression of lesser strength than what would be expected, opposite of embellishment, figure of speech in which a writer or speaker deliberately makes a situation seem less important or serious than it is	48
9936804893	verbal irony	irony in which a person says or writes one thing and means another, or uses words to convey a meaning that is the opposite of the literal meaning	49
9936806306	imperative mood verbs	verb form which makes a command or a request (empty vs empties, run vs runs)	50
9936820620	anaphora	Repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or lines	51
9936825857	antimetabole	Repetition of words in reverse order	52
9936825858	asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words	53
9936830146	synecdoche	Figure of speech that uses a part to represent the whole	54
9936834587	zeugma	Use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings	55
9936834588	periodic sentence	Sentence whose main clause is withheld until the end	56
9936840790	archaic diction	Old-fashioned or outdated choice of words	57
9936840791	cumulative sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on	58
9936842220	hortative sentence	Sentence that exhorts, urges, entreats, implores, or calls to action	59
9936842221	imperative sentence	Sentence used to command or enjoin	60
9936845097	inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)	61
9937064461	syntax	how words are used to form a sentence, sentence structure	62
9937064462	diction	word choice	63
9942314478	comparison	device in which a writer compares or contrasts two people/places/things/ideas	64