AP World History Week 17 1-10 Flashcards

13653188661	Encomiendas	were grants from the Spanish crown that allowed the holds to exploit the Indians living on the land they controlled. In Peru, the exploitation of Indians took the form of mita, or forced labor, especially in silver mines	0
13653188662	Spanish American Society	took a hierarchical structure with four basic classes: peninsulares, criolloes (Creoles), Mestizos and Mulatos.	1
13653188663	Peninsulares	colonist born in Europe. They initially held the most powerful positions in colonial society.	2
13653188664	Criolloes (Creoles)	colonist born in the Americas of European parents. Generally well educated and financially secure, they would eventually become colonial leaders and organizers of colonial independence movements.	3
13653188665	Mestizos	people of mixed European and Indian ancestry. Occupied the lowest political and social positions in Spanish American society.	4
13653188666	Mulatos (Mulattos)	people of mixed European and African ancestry. Occupied the lowest political and social positions in Spanish American society.	5
13653188667	Jesuits	Roman Catholic religious orders like this one established churches and missions throughout the world where they educated the Indians and taught them the Christian faith. The Roman Catholic faith became an integral element in the society of the Spanish colonies.	6
13653188668	Brazil	the Portuguese colony that became the first colony based on a plantation economy. Founded by Pedro Cabral in 1500, it was settled in 1532 by Portuguese nobles. Sugar plantations using Indian labor arose; when the Indians died of European diseases, slaves were brought in from Africa. Society was based on a hierarchy similar to that of the Spanish colonies, and Roman Catholicism was introduced by Jesuit missionaries.	7
13653188669	Spanish Galleons	carried loads of gold and silver across the Atlantic Ocean to Spain, where the influx of such large quantities of the precious metal caused inflation of the Spanish economy. Eventually, inflation spread throughout Europe.	8
13653188670	Council of Indies	Spanish government in the Americas was a massive bureaucracy controlled by Spain through this council. The council with further divided into two viceroyalties, one centered in Mexico City and the other in Lima, in present-day Peru.	9