Nervous System: Human anatomy.. Flashcards

Divisions of the nervous system...How nerves work
Reflex actions...Parts of the Brain Right and left hemispheres
Importance of avoiding alcohol
Neurological diseases...The sense organs
Much of the presentations is from a Quizlet by Mrs_Roach entitled Human Anatomy: Nervous System & Nervous Tissue

Terms : Hide Images [1]

9696845731	axon	neuron process that carries impulses away from the cell body.	0
9696845732	dendrite	neuron process that transmits signals toward the cell body and serves as receptive region of the neuron; most dendrites branch extensively	1
9696845733	neurilemma	additional sheath external to myelin that is formed by schwann cells and found only on axons in the peripheral nervous system	2
9696845734	myelin sheath	just below the neurilemma, formed by oligodendrocytes in the brain and spinal cord (CNS) and Schwann cells in the PNS	3
9696845735	node of Ranvier	small gap between myelinated segments where axonal membrane is exposed; increase speed of impulses	4
9696845736	microglia	Smallest, least abundant glial cell in the brain and spinal cord that is responsible for repairing damage following injury by removing debris associated with dead neurons and glial cells.	5
9696845737	ependymal cells	simple epithelium supporting cells in the CNS that line the cavities of the brain and spinal cord; they have cilia that helps circulate spinal fluid	6
9696845738	oligodendrocytes	Produce myelin sheath around nerve fibers in the central nervous system	7
9696845739	Schwann cells	the supporting cells (surrounding axons) in PNS that surround and form myelin sheaths around larger nerve fibers in the PNS	8
9696845742	Central Nervous System (CNS) consists of...	- brain -spinal cord	9
9696845743	Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)	the sensory and motor neurons that connect the central nervous system (CNS) to the rest of the body; they are afferent (toward CNS), efferent (away from CNS), somatic, and visceral (autonomic)	10
9696845744	Bipolar neuron	This type of neuron has one dendrite and one axon emerging from the cell body.	11
9696845808	multipolar neuron	A neuron with a single axon and multiple dendrites; the most common type of neuron in the nervous system.	12
9696845809	afferent neuron	neurons that take information from the senses to the brain	13
9696845810	efferent neuron	Nerve cells that conduct impulses away from the central nervous system	14
9696845811	interneurons	cells in the spinal cord through which reflexes travel without going to the brain	15
9696845745	nerve fascicles	These are bundles of nerve fibers (axons).	16
9696845747	meninges	The organs of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) are covered by 3 connective tissue layers collectively called the meninges	17
9696845748	glial cells	Cells in the nervous system that support, nourish, and protect neurons	18
9696845750	gray matter	Brain and spinal cord tissue that appears gray with the naked eye; consists mainly of neuronal cell bodies (nuclei) and lacks myelinated axons.	19
9696845751	white matter	Bundles of nerve fibers with their myelin sheaths.	20
9696845752	blood brain barrier	Blood vessels (capillaries) that selectively let certain substances enter the brain tissue and keep other substances out	21
9696845757	cranial nerves	12 pairs of nerves that carry messages to and from the brain	22
9696845758	peripheral nerves	Are the lines of communication b/w the CNS,the various parts of the body and the external environment.	23
9696845759	spinal nerves	31 pairs of nerves coming out from the spinal cord between two vertebrae; dorsal roots are sensory and ventral roots are motor	24
9696845760	motor nerves	Carry messages away from the brain and spinal cord to muscles and organs	25
9696845761	autonomic nervous system	(ANS) , Motor nervous system that controls glands, cardiac, and smooth muscle.--also called visceral motor system	26
9696845762	sympathetic division	Part of autonomic division; mobilizes the body in times of stress, danger or intense emotional arousal; "fight-or-flight" response	27
9696845763	parasympathetic division	Branch of the autonomic nervous system; it calms and relaxes the body and counteracts the sympathetic division	28
9696845765	cerebrospinal fluid	Fluid in the space between the meninges that acts as a shock absorber that protects the central nervous system.	29
9696845767	action potential	A neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon.	30
9696845770	synapse	A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.	31
9696845771	neurotransmitter	Chemical messengers that cross the synaptic gaps between neurons	32
9696845775	reflex arc	A relatively direct connection between a sensory neuron and a motor neuron that allows an extremely rapid response to a stimulus, often without conscious brain involvement.	33
9696845776	cerebrum	Area of the brain responsible for all voluntary activities of the body	34
9696845777	cerebellum	A large structure of the hindbrain that controls fine motor skills. thought and will may be centered here...known to be the 2nd largest region of the brain	35
9696845778	brain stem	MAJOR SECTION OF THE BRAIN THAT SERVES AS A PATHWAY FOR IMPULSE CONDUCTION BETWEEN THE BRAIN AND THE SPINAL CORD	36
9696845779	right hemisphere of brain	controls left side of the body and contains creativity and the arts if non dominant	37
9696845780	left hemisphere of brain	controls right side of the body and is logical, contains mathamatics, lauguage, & speech if dominant	38
9696845781	corpus callosum	A thick band of axons that connects the two cerebral hemispheres and acts as a communication link between them.	39
9696845782	cerebral cortex	The intricate fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemispheres; the body's ultimate control and information-processing center.	40
9696845783	cerebral lobes	Frontal - Parietal - Occipital - Temporal	41
9696845784	frontal lobe	A region of the cerebral cortex that has specialized areas for movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, and judgement	42
9696845785	parietal lobe	A region of the cerebral cortex whose functions include processing information about touch.	43
9696845786	occipital lobes	Portion of the cerebral cortex lying at the back of the head; includes areas that receive information from the visual fields.	44
9696845787	temporal lobes	Portion of the cerebral cortex lying roughly above the ears; includes the auditory areas, each receiving information primarily from the opposite ear.	45
9696845790	the pons	Assists the medulla oblongata to control breathing.	46
9696845791	midbrain	A small structure between the hindbrain and forebrain that relays information from the eyes, ears, and skin and that controls certain types of automatic behaviors	47
9696845792	Limbic system	A group of neural structures at the base of the cerebral hemispheres that is associated with emotion and motivation	48
9696845793	thalamus	A structure in the forebrain through which all sensory information (except smell) must pass to get to the cerebral cortex. (relay center)	49
9696845794	hypothalamus	A structure found near the base of the forebrain that is involved in the regulation of basic biological needs. Neural and Endocrine	50
9696845797	somatic nervous system	Controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles	51
9696845798	cerebral cortex	Governs thought memory, reasoning sensation and voluntary movement. , Perceptual, cognitive & motor functions, including cognition, memory, language, & emotion.	52
9696845799	cerebellum functions	coordinates muscular movements, maintains posture and balance	53
9696845800	brain stem functions	breathing, heart rate, blood pressure	54
9696845801	hypothalamus functions	body temperature, sleep, appetite, emotions, control of pituitary gland.	55
9696845802	limbic system and frontal lobe functions	emotion and memory	56