Environmental Science Flashcards

12163305210	Ecology	The study of the interactions between living things and their environment	0
12163305211	Organisms	Any living thing made up of at least one cell that can live on its own	1
12163305212	Biotic	Part of the environment that includes all of the living organisms that live and interact with one another -all of the living parts	2
12163305213	Abiotic	Part of the environment that includes the physical features of the environment that affect the organisms living in a particular area -any non living part -water, sunlight, soil, temperature, etc.	3
12163305214	What does every food chain or web begin with?	-a producer such as a plant that uses the sun's light to make food for itself	4
12163305215	Population	Group of individuals of the same species that live together in the same area at the same time	5
12163305216	Community	Many populations of species that live in the same area at the same time and interact with one another	6
12163305217	Ecosystem	Made up of a community of organisms and how they interact with the abiotic environment -all of the living and non-living things EXAMPLE: Forest ecosystem and all of the animals, plants, water, soil, sun that affect it	7
12163305218	Biosphere	Part of Earth where all life exists	8
12163305219	Producer	-An organism that uses sunlight to make their own food -Also called Autotrophs -process is called photosynthesis Examples: -plants -algae -some bacteria	9
12163305220	Consumer	-An organism that eats producers or other organisms for energy -Also called Heterotrophs 4 kinds of consumers: -herbivores -carnivore -omnivore -scavenger	10
12163305221	Herbivore	-a consumer that eats plants	11
12163305222	Carnivore	-a consumer that eats animals	12
12163305223	Omnivore	- a consumer that eats both plants and animals	13
12163305224	Scavenger	-a consumer that feeds on the remains of dead animals	14
12163305225	Decomposer	-organisms that get their energy by breaking down the remains of dead organisms Examples: -fungi -bacteria -beetles -earthworms	15
12163305226	Food chain	-diagram showing how energy in food molecules flow from one organism to another -one energy path way *Arrow points to where the energy is going!!	16
12163305227	Food Web	-diagram of many energy pathways -many food chains combined	17
12163305228	Energy Pyramid	-diagram showing the loss of energy at each level of the food chain -how much energy is available at each level -most energy available at the base (producers) -less energy available at the top (carnivores and scavengers)	18
12163305229	Habitat	-the environment where an organism lives Examples: -pond -grassland -desert -ocean	19
12163305234	Prey	-the organism that is eaten -a bird eats a worm, the worm is the prey	20
12163305235	Predator	-the organism that eats the prey -a bird eats a worm, the bird is the predator	21
12163305243	renewable resources	Any natural resource that can replenish itself in a relatively short period of time, usually no longer than the length of a human life.	22
12163305244	non-renewable resource	A resource that takes so long to form that it can't be replaced. For example, coal, oil, and natural gas which takes millions of years to form, is such of a resource.	23
12163305246	hydrologic cycle	The cycle through which water in the hydrosphere moves; includes such processes as evaporation, precipitation, and surface and groundwater runoff	24
12163305251	genetically modified food	GMO Foods that are mostly products or organisms that have their genes altered in a laboratory for specific purposes, such as disease resistance, increased productivity, or nutritional value allowing growers greater control, predictability, and efficiency.	25
12163305252	photosynthesis	Conversion of light energy from the sun into chemical energy. 6CO2 + 6H2O + light --> C6H12O6 + 6O2	26
12163334331	hydrogen bond	Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom.	27
12163337353	polarity of water	has polar covalent bonds; H is partially positive, O is partially negative	28
12163342603	Properties of water	cohesion, adhesion, excellent solvent, solid is less dense than liquid, specific heat	29
12163349137	Ice floats on water because	its molecules are less densely packed than those in liquid water	30
12163353862	high specific heat	The ability of water to resist changes in temperature.	31
12163362288	universal solvent	Water- due to its polarity and ability to dissolve many different solutes	32
12163365987	Acids pH	substances that release hydrogen ions when dissolved in water; ph 1-6	33
12163370616	Base pH	Compounds that reduce the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution; pH 7-14	34
12163396285	Solution	A mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.	35
12163401460	Solute	A substance that is dissolved in a solution.	36
12163401461	Solvent	A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances	37
12163405203	Tragedy of the Commons	situation in which people acting individually and in their own interest use up commonly available but limited resources, creating disaster for the entire community	38
12163414643	Sustainability	The use of Earth's renewable and nonrenewable natural resources in ways that do not constrain resource use in the future.	39
12163421492	sustainable development	development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations	40
12163438496	climate change	a change in global or regional climate patterns, in particular a change apparent from the mid to late 20th century onwards and attributed largely to the increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels.	41
12163454599	fossil fuels	Coal, oil, natural gas, and other fuels that are ancient remains of plants and animals.	42
12163461710	CO2	carbon dioxide	43
12163467127	Photosynthesis	Plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars	44
12163471530	reactants of photosynthesis	6H20 + 6CO2	45
12163471531	products of photosynthesis	C6H12O6 + 6O2	46
12163475961	reactants of cellular respiration	glucose and oxygen	47
12163481029	products of cellular respiration	carbon dioxide, water, and ATP	48
12163485563	ATP	(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work	49
12163489328	Enzymes	Proteins that speed up chemical reactions	50
12163494970	temperature and pH	Enzymes are affected by	51
12163501688	reducing activation energy	Enzymes work by _____.	52
12163508494	photosynthesis; cellular respiration	_______ removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and _______ puts it back	53
12163522382	Detritivore	organism that feeds on plant and animal remains and other dead matter	54
12163526120	Decomposer	An organism that breaks down wastes and dead organisms	55
12163531004	scavenger	A carnivore that feeds on the bodies of dead organisms	56
12163534465	Herbivore	A consumer that eats only plants.	57
12163538396	energy pyramid	A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web	58
12163542382	the rule of 10%	Only 10% of energy is transferred from one organism to another, the other 90% is lost in the transaction through heat	59
12163544769	food web vs food chain	the food web is more accurate than the food chain because with the food web, you can see multiple animals/plants that eat or are eaten by another, while the food chain just shows one organism eats one more, which eats another, which eats another, and so on	60
12163553612	trophic level	Each step in a food chain or food web	61
12163558971	sun	A typical star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system.	62
12163580810	Borneo Cat Drop	Sprayed DDT to kill mosquitoes because of malaria outbreak. Shows environmental problems are hard to solve.	63
12163601645	36-38	How many ATP are produced during cellular respiration?	64
12164170386	natural capital	The natural resources of Earth, such as air, water, and minerals.	65
12164181559	How do humans degrade natural capital?	By using normally renewable resources (such as forests) faster than nature can renew them	66
12164187871	Solutions can Protect Natural Capital	Scientific vs. economic and political solutions Trade-offs and compromises Daily individual and local contributions matter	67
12164198111	ecological footprint	the impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources.	68
12164210425	exponential growth	Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate	69
12164330433	Cohesion	Attraction between molecules of the same substance	70
12164338601	Adhesion	An attraction between molecules of different substances	71
12164344674	capillary action	tendency of water to rise in a thin tube	72
12164350499	surface tension	A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid	73
12164355430	Macromolecules	A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules	74
12164359123	Protein	An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells	75
12164364701	function of proteins	Assists in growth and repair -Found in animal products; enzymes, make bones and muscle;	76
12164379100	monomer of proteins	amino acids	77
12164383006	Carbohydrates	made up of monosaccharides like glucose	78
12164412759	Functions of Carbohydrates	short term energy	79
12164418526	Lipids	Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.	80
12164421436	functions of lipids	Insulation, long term energy storage, structural (cholesterol and phoslipids in membrane), endocrine	81
12164433962	nucleic acids	DNA and RNA; code for genes and proteins	82
12164445434	monomer of nucleic acids	nucleotides	83
12164462654	examples of carbohydrates	monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides	84
12164462655	examples of lipids	fats, oils, waxes	85
12164472450	Affluence Impact on Environment	The Bad High levels of consumption and waste of resources More air pollution, water pollution, and land degradation Acquisition of resources without regard for/awareness of the environmental effects of consuming them	86
12164483581	Poverty Can Have Harmful Environmental and Health Effects	Short-term requirements for survival can lead to degraded forests, topsoil, grasslands, fisheries, wildlife populations	87
12164501100	Environmental Science	The study of the natural processes that occur in the environment and how humans can affect them.	88
12164506924	Goals of Environmental Science	(1) Learn how nature works (2) How we Interact with Nature (3) Ways to deal with environmental Problems	89
12164515139	Quantitative	Data that is in numbers	90
12164515140	Qualitative	Data in the form of words	91
12164520407	Scientific Method	A series of steps followed to solve problems including collecting data, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and stating conclusions.	92
12164524587	Hypothesis	a supposition or proposed explanation made on the basis of limited evidence as a starting point for further investigation.	93
12164529234	dependent variable	The measurable effect, outcome, or response in which the research is interested.	94
12164529235	independent variable	The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.	95
12164534335	control group	In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment; contrasts with the experimental group and serves as a comparison for evaluating the effect of the treatment.	96
12164534336	Constants	Conditions that stay the same in the experiment	97
12164541964	Inference	A conclusion reached on the basis of evidence and reasoning	98
12164545753	Theory	well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations; lots of evidence	99
12164554097	scientific law	a rule that describes a pattern in nature; math equation	100