Ap unit 5 vocab Flashcards

9960771573	Agribusiness	industrialized, corporate form of agricultural production	0
9960786718	Agriculture production in the US	range livestock dominates agricultural production in the western region of country	1
9960801491	Agriculture	growing crops or tending livestock for subsistence purposes and/ or for sale or exchange	2
9960816077	Aquaculture	fish farming	3
9960831429	Biomass	Alternative energy source that involves converting a variety of biological materials into fuel for automobiles/ engines	4
9960871485	Biopharming	a particular form of biotechnology in which genes form other life forms and are inserted into a host plant	5
9960882651	Biotechnology	includes all technological improvements on biological systems to either make or enhance specific agricultural goods or food products (GMO's)	6
9960912711	Capital intensive vs labor intensive agriculture	Capital intensive- use of mechanical goods, including machinery, tools, vehicles. large production of agricultural goods. Labor intensive- goods use human hands in large abundance to produce a given amount of output	7
9960948261	commercial agriculture	food production for sale from a farm farm goods to food processing companies rather than consumers dairy farming, fruits, vegetables, meat	8
9960971310	commercial grain farming	wheat and corn in the great plains, southern Russia, and china large portion of output goes to feeding livestock	9
9960994378	commercial livestock farming	livestock ranching and dairying wide spread in Australia , North America, southern Africa and Asia	10
9961016970	crop rotation	rotating the sequence of crops planted in particular fields to avoid depleting nutrients in the soil	11
9961054869	Deforestation	the need for fuel wood and wood resource, cutting down tropical rain forests	12
9961100596	Desertification	when marginal lands are over cultivated or overgrazed, soil gets stripped of vegitation	13
9961117521	economic systems	goods and services created for use of producer and his or her family producers produce goods for the goal of profit	14
9961137163	environmental implications of agriculture	pesticides have harmed wildlife populations, polluted rivers, lakes, and oceans. topsoil loss, fragile soils	15
9961173759	Extensive Subsistence Agriculture	Nomadic Heading(Seasonal movement of herds) and Shifting Cultivation(Slash and Burn)	16
9962504296	Extensive vs Intensive Agriculture	extensive- large areas of land and minimal labor input per acre intensive-smaller plots of land with substantial amounts of labor	17
9962515344	Feedlots/CAFOs	animals concentrated in small spaces and given antibiotics and other fattening grains to prepare them for slaughter.	18
9962531320	Fertile Crescent	Middle East, the areas fertile soil were attributed to its location in the Euphrates, Nile, and Tigris Rivers floodplains	19
9962551705	Fishing	accounts for about 15% of global protein consumption. overfishing and pollution effects fish stocks	20
9962563934	Food Regime	The links that exist between food producers, food consumers, and investment/accumulation opportunities that support a dominant type of food during a particular time period.	21
9962585639	Food Production vs Agriculture	Agriculture doesn't always lead to food and food is not always produced through agriculture.	22
9962598533	Food Security	Refers to reliable access, at all scales, to enough food to ensure active and healthy lives.	23
9962631148	Forestry	Most forest industries are in developed countries like the US, Canada, and Russia. Used for wood supply and fuel supply.	24
9962656611	GMOs	Plants and animals who's DNA have been genetically modified.	25
9962663654	Geothermal power	type of energy that uses heat from the interior of the earth in the form of steam, which powers turbines to create electricity	26
9962672339	Globalization of agriculture	improvements in transportation and communication effecting agriculture	27
9962724305	Hunting and Gathering	Before technology people survived by this. Males usually hunted and females gathered	28
9962736619	Hydroelectric Power	form of energy where water turns turbines to generate electricity.	29
9962744063	Industrial revolution's Effect in Agriculture	Machines made it easier to produce and harvest more food/products faster and more efficiently.	30
9962764766	Intensive Subsistence Agriculture	People producing food or raising animals to provide for themselves and their families.	31
9962771666	Land Survey Patterns	Log Lots: French- Houses exist on narrow lots perpendicular to a river. Metes and Bonds: English- local geography with directions and distances to define boundaries for particular price of land Township and Range: US- system dividing land and sold to customers equally	32
9962804220	Local Food Production	Refers to a food production system where food are produced locally	33
9962807535	Luxury Crops	Luxury food items not necessary for everyday loving and not indigenous for the areas they are exporting to	34
9962824498	Maladaptive Diffusion	Diffusion of an idea or technology that works well in one are or region but is not suitable for the area it diffuses to	35
9962841748	Metallic and nonmetallic minerals	if metal can be obtained cheaper mines may not develop or they may shut down temporarily nonmetallic materials are generally only mined near the site where they will be used	36
9962861933	Mineral Fuels	(Coal, petroleum, and natural gas) energy generated from these is a huge economic development indicator	37
9962871465	Mining and Quarrying	provides energy base for way of life existent in advanced economies, as this includes harvesting of fossil fuels	38
9962900411	Mixed and Specialty Crop Farming	Truck farms or market gardens produce mixed and specialty crops; climate largely determines production. Mediterranean agriculture is also an example of this.	39
9962917011	Negative Impacts of the Green revolution	plant fertilizers devastated much of local land, decreased local biodiversity, multinational organizations steered economies away form producing local consumption and towards producing specialty crops.	40
9962940275	Nuclear Energy	Form of energy, nuclear reaction generates a lot of heat which is used to make tea, and is turned in turbines to make electricity. Very controversial	41
9962964266	Organic Agriculture	Farming without input of artificial aids. has grown tremendously across the last couple decades	42
9962974216	Origins of Agriculture	Converted people from hunting and gathering to sedentary agriculture societies through domestication of plants and animals	43
9963004758	Pastoralism/Transhumance	-breeding and herding animals to provide humans with food, shelter, and clothing -pastoralism that involves seasonal movements of herds	44
9963018341	Petroleum	Modern industrial society is heavily dependent on this. nonrenewable	45
9963031396	Primary economic activities	involve direct extraction or harvesting of a resource from the land. ex: fishing, mining, forestry	46
9963044831	Resource Terminology	Natural Resource- naturally occurring minerals that humans use when beneficially towards economy Renewable- can be replenished quick enough to not deplete the resource Nonrenewable- Can not be replenished quick enough to not deplete the resource	47
9963071826	Rural Settlement Types	Dispersed- widespread farms, relatively isolated from neighbors Nucleated-settlements contain a number of families living closer together with fields surrounding settlement	48
9963082582	Rural Settlement	Sparsely settles areas moved from the influence of larger cities. Economy is usually based on primary activities.	49
9963099509	Shifting Cultivation/ Slash-and-Burn/ Swidden	-rotating the fields to maintain soil fertility -cutting and burning the old crops to improve the quality of nutrients in the soil -land that has been cleared for cultivation	50
9963114131	The Boserup Hypothesis	Better soil fertility can accommodate growing populations. More food for more people	51
9963129526	The Green Revolution	1970s-1980s: Increased food availability to rapidly growing populations by better technology, techniques, and communications.	52
9963144025	Transhumance	Pastoral practice of seasonal migration of livestock	53
9963153261	Transportation and Agriculture	industrial revolution and commercial agriculture Subsistence remains subsistence because lack of transportation techniques technology has helped transportation and agriculture	54
9963167399	Tropical Plantations	Crops that grow well in tropical climates are grown and mostly exposed and barley consumed by local consumers	55
9963178150	Urban Sprawl and Agriculture	Sprawl does not benefit agriculture because it rids the land of space for food plots. However selling land in some cases is more profitable than farming it.	56
9963187713	Urban Agriculture	Establishment of agriculture practices in or very near a city.	57
9963196614	Wind Farms	areas of land use giant wind turbines that convert wind energy into renewable energy source.	58
9963203307	von Thünen Model		59
9963207682	von Thünen results	predicts agricultural patterns well. model can be altered to account for transportation and competing markets	60
9963218143	Agglomeration	Grouping together of many firms, in similar industry, in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.	61