AP World History: The Industrial Revolution Flashcards

12882185634	England	In the mid-1700s, an Industrial Revolution began in ___ that transformed the way work was done	0
12882185635	small farming villages	Before the Industrial Revolution, most Europeans worked & lived on ____ ____ ____ using inefficient methods of farming	1
12882185636	three field	Before the Industrial Revolution, farmers relied on the medieval & inefficient ___ ___ system. Few farmers experimented with new techniques, and as a result, the food produced kept the population from growing rapidly	2
12882185637	Agricultural Revolution	In the mid-1700s new farm techniques led to an ___ ___ in Europe	3
12882201972	Enclosure Movement	The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century using fences	4
12882208952	enclosure movement; crop rotation; corn; potatoes; iron plow; seed drill	AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION - ___ ___: Fences used to protect large farms - Scientific farming methods like ___ ___ maximized farmland and increased production - New crops like ___ and ___ were introduced - New tools like the ___ ___ and ___ ___ made farming more efficient	5
12882227154	industrial factories	As a result of the agricultural revolution, the population soared and workers went to find work in ___ ___	6
12882185640	iron; coal; banks; colonies	The Industrial Revolution in England started for a variety of reasons; - had large deposits of natural resources, especially ___ and ___ - They had ___ and a government that encouraged trade invention, and money to invest in industry - ___ provided cheap raw materials and markets to sell	7
12882185641	textile industry	As a result, the _____ became the first to become industrialized	8
12882249673	England	From 1750 to 1850, ___ was the most industrialized nation in the world	9
12882256427	sewing machine	One of many new inventions that sped up spinning, weaving, sewing	10
12882185642	rivers	Textile Factories needed power & were usually located near _	11
12882262828	cotton; cotton gin	European demand for ___ led to a boom in production and slavery in the southern US. Whitney's ___ ___ stimulated a demand for these textiles as well	12
12882185643	steam engines	IN 1765, James Watt invented the first ___ ___, which produced more power & allowed factories to be built in cities near workers	13
12882185644	roads; canals; steamboat	Factoris led to a demand for faster transportation: - ___ and ___ were built in England; - Robert Fulton's ___ increased the speed of water travel	14
12882185645	steam-powered railroad	The greatest improvement to transportation was the ____-___ ___. These wer fast, increased profits, and sitmulated iron and coal industries	15
12882185646	Iron	_ was needed to produce new machines, engines, & railroad track	16
12882185647	iron	By 1800, England made more ___ than all other nations in the world combined in response to its demand for machines, engines and railroad track	17
12882304199	steel	Henry Bessemer invented a cheap process for making ___, which is stronger than iron. This allowed engineers to design more powerful machines, taller building, longer bridges	18
12882185648	coal	The Industrial Revolution led to an increase in ___ to power factories & RRs	19
12882185651	electricity, telegraph; telephone, vaccines, typewriters, cash registers	OTHER INVENTIONS OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - ___ - Forms of communication such as ___ and ___ - Business machines like ___ and ___ ___ - Medical improvements like ___	20
12882185652	Germany	By the mid 1800s, ____was one of the world's industrial leaders & built a powerful modern militaries	21
12882324927	coal; iron	Germany was quick to embrace the Industrial Revolution. They had large supplies of ___ and ___ ore, and built a large network of railroads, iron, and textile factories	22
12882185653	textile mills	Southern cotton led to ____ ____ in the North	23
12882338983	railroads, oil, steel, electricity; monopolies	After the civil war, American industry boomed and the US became a worl leader in ___, ___, ___, and ___ (ROSE). Many companies merged to form corporations and ___	24
12882185655	working; standard of living	Industry also had numerous negative effects on ___ conditions and the ___ ___ ___ for urban workers	25
12882185656	less skilled, dirty, long, Women & children	The factory system was a major change for European workers: Factory work became ____ ____ - Conditions were ____, dangerous, and unhealthy -Workers worked ___ hours (12-16 hr day) -Factory workers were not paid well; ____ and ____ were paid less than men Owners required workers "clock in" & limited their breaks to increase production	26
12882382274	coal; lung; poison	the invention of the steam engine increased demand for ____ - Production spiked - Men, women children in mines - They were unhealthy and dangerous: ____ disease, ____ gas, drowning, explosions, cave-ins common	27
12882397114	kids; 10; beaten	CHILD LABOR - Living in city was expensive so poor families needed thier ____ to work - Child workers earned ____% of an adult wage, worked long hours, and often ____	28
12882421347	factories; domestic	WOMEN IN CITIES - Rather than a domestic role, poor women worked in ____ in the city - Some worked as ____ servants - Factory jobs were long hours away from children and left them crippled, sick, deformed - Paid 1/2 or 1/3 of man's salarh	29
12882185657	increased, lowered	The Industrial Revolution ___ production, _____ the cost of goods, & led to new technologies.	30
12882444968	slums; sanitation; short	URBANIZATION - Poor families lived in poorly constructed apartments called ____ - Families shared cramped space that lacked running water or ____ - Hard jobs and disease led to ____ life expectancies	31
12882185660	factories, middle; wages	CHANGING CLASS STRUCTURE: Land ownership was no long the most important factor At the top were the industrial capitalists who gained wealth by owning ____ The ____ class grew because of growth of engineers, managers, shopkeepers The bottom class grew because of the size of the urban poor who worked for low ____ in factories	32
12882185661	hours; type; education	REFORMS - Some demanded reforms to fix problems caused by the Industrial Revolution - In the mid-1800s, Britain & the U.S. passed child & women labor laws that limited ____ & ____ of work they could perform - Reformers regulated water, food, sewage; Offered public ____; Regulated living & work conditions	33
12882185662	unions; strike	RESPONSE TO INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Workers joined ____ & demand better pay, fewer hours, safer work conditions When union demands were not met, workers went on ____	34
12882185663	capitalism; free market; laissez-faire	ECONOMY DURING INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION - The economy of the Industrial Revolution was based on ____ - As Adam Smith explained, businesses operated in a ____ ____ economy based on competition, profits, supply & demand - Governments applied ____-____ principles & avoided heavy taxes, regulations, or interference in business	35
12882185665	Karl Marx	After the Industrial Revolution, ____ ____ introduced a radical form of socialism called communism	36
12882185666	Friedrich Engels	Marx & ______ ____ wrote The Communist Manifesto which predicted a war between the "haves" & "have nots"	37