AP World History Chapter 16 Flashcards

15564261351	Forgiveness of past sins, and indulgence, might be given for any of the following reasons except	becoming a monk	0
15564261352	Martin Luther insisted that the only way to salvation was through	faith in Jesus Christ	1
15564261353	The movement that began with the rejection of the pope's authority was the	Protestant Reformation	2
15564261354	To promote his ideas, Luther used	the printing press	3
15564261355	John Calvin preached that salvation was granted by	predestination	4
15564261356	Calvinism went further that Lutheranism in	simplifying religious rituals	5
15564261357	In the light of the challenges to the Catholic Church, man reforms were enacted, such as	reforming the education of the clergy	6
15564261358	Ignatius of Loyola founded the	Society of Jesus (the Jesuits)	7
15564261359	The Protestant challenge to the church and its supporters was intense and emotional, resulting in	bitter "wars of religion"	8
15564261360	Europeans viewed the natural world through two belief systems	folklore, including magic, and Christian and Judaic teachings	9
15564261361	Europeans believed that when natural disasters like earthquakes occurred, the cause was	supernatural forces	10
15564261362	Women, especially widows, were often accused of being witches because it was believed that	women who lied without male authority were susceptible to evil	11
15564261363	The Scientific Revolution demonstrated that the workings of the universe could be explained by	natural causes	12
15564261364	The astronomer who discovered spots on the sun and the mountains on the moon was	Galileo Galilei	13
15564261365	The scientist who asserted that mathematical laws governed the universe was	Isaac Newton	14
15564261366	Many religious and intellectual leaders viewed the new science with suspicion, as shown by the	condemnation	15
15564261367	Bourgeoisie means	wealthy urban class	16
15564261368	The Dutch East and West Indies Company gained financial supremacy in all Europe by	doing al of these	17
15564261369	Like merchants in the Islamic world, European merchants relied on	family and ethnic networks	18
15564261370	One of the painters who exemplified the Renaissance in northern Europe was	Bruegel	19
15564261371	Although European peasants were free during the early modern era,	their standards of living many have declined between 1500 and 1750	20
15564261372	The Enlightenment in Europe was	a blending of intellectual schools of thought from many diverse areas with the idea of improving the human condition	21
15564261373	What new crops helped the rural poor of Europe avoid starvation	potatoes and corn	22
15564261374	As the iron industry expanded, the consumption of fuel caused	deforestation	23
15564261375	Unlike in other parts of the world, marriage patterns in early modern Europe reflected	a freer choice of one's marriage partner instead of an arranged marriage	24
15564261376	The Holy Roman Empire was ruled by the	Habsburgs	25
15564261377	In 1555, by the Peace of Augsburg, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V allowed German princes to choose	Catholicism or Lutheranism	26
15564261378	Charles V failed to unify all of Europe, but Spain, France, and England successfully unified their states by	limiting the power of the church and the nobility	27
15564261379	To ensure that his subjects did not resist royal authority, King Philip II of Spain	used the Spanish Inquisition to suppress opposition	28
15564261380	The Edict of Nantes was revoked in 1685 by Louis XIV, eliminating	religious freedom for French Protestants	29
15564261381	King Henry VIII of England severed his bond with the Catholic Church when	the pope refused to grant him a papal annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon	30
15564261382	At the end of the English Civil War, the monarch was executed and replaced by	Oliver Cromwell	31
15564261383	The Glorious Revolution and the English Civil War both started when	the monarch refused to share power with the Parliament	32
15564261384	How was the Versailles palace a sort of "theme park" of royal absolutism?	The gigantic palace symbolized the French monarch's triumph over the rights of the nobility	33
15564261385	English political philosopher John Locke asserted that if the monarch	abused his or her power, the people had a duty to rebel	34
15564261386	The wars and devastation of the early modern era in Europe resulted in	better European armies, weapons, and maneuvers	35
15564261387	How did European rulers pay their large war expenses?	By making alliances with the rising commercial elites and protecting markets overseas	36
15564261388	The Netherlands revolted against Spain in the 1560s and 1570s because of	the imposition of the Spanish sales tax and Catholic orthodoxy	37
15564261389	Which of the following religious groups was not seen as "rebelling" against the absolutist authority of the monarch?	Dominicans in France	38