ap language midterm review Flashcards

12370117233	parallelism	similarity of structure in a pair or series of related words, phrases, or clauses	0
12370117234	isocolon	parallel structure in which the parallel elements are similar not only in grammatical structure, but also in length	1
12370123013	antithesis	the direct opposite (juxtaposition), a sharp contrast	2
12370157842	anastrophe	inversion of the natural or usual word order	3
12370162494	asyndeton	omission of conjunctions between coordinate phrases, clauses, or words "i came, i saw, i conquered"	4
12370179107	anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	5
12370198362	epistrophe	the repetition of a word at the end of successive clauses or sentences	6
12370201488	chiasmus	a rhetorical or literary figure in which words, grammatical constructions, or concepts are repeated in reverse order, in the same or a modified form "it is boring to eat; to sleep is fulfilling"	7
12370237816	synecdoche	a figure of speech in which a part is made to represent the whole or vice versa "i have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat"	8
12370245535	metonymy	substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it "the pen is mightier than the sword"	9
12370259389	antanaclasis	repetition of a word in two different senses "if we don't hang together, we'll hang separately"	10
12370272092	litotes	a form of understatement that is deliberate	11
12370276432	rhetorical question	a question asked merely for rhetorical effect and not requiring an answer	12
12370278994	metaphor	a comparison without using like or as	13
12370281117	simile	a comparison of two unlike things using like or as	14
12370289524	assonance	repetition of vowel sounds	15
12370291655	alliteration	the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words	16
12370300010	onomatopoeia	the formation of a word from a sound associated with what is named "boom"	17
12370311174	oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction "cruel kindness" ; "visible darkness"	18
12370318290	paradox	a statement or proposition that seems self-contradictory or absurd but in reality expresses a possible truth "whoever loses his life, shall find it"	19
12370329440	allegory	a story, poem, or picture that can be interpreted to reveal a hidden meaning, typically a moral or political one	20
12370336932	analogy	a comparison of two different things that are similar in some way	21
12370340982	antecedent	the word, phrase, or clause to which a pronoun refers ("it" usually)	22
12370351161	colloquial	characteristic of informal spoken language or conversation; slang	23
12370360098	diction	the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing	24
12370366970	ethos	credibility	25
12370370034	euphemism	a mild or indirect word or expression substituted for one considered to be too harsh or blunt when referring to something unpleasant or embarrassing	26
12370385243	logos	an appeal based on logic or reason	27
12370388556	pathos	an appeal to emotion	28
12370394271	pedantic	an adjective that describes words, phrases, or general tone that is overly scholarly, academic, or bookish	29
12370430723	repetition	the duplication (exact or approximate) of any element of language	30
12370430724	satire	the use of humor, irony, exaggeration, or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity or vices, particularly in the context of contemporary politics and other topical issues	31
12370461322	symbol	a thing that represents or stands for something else, especially a material object representing something abstract	32
12370461323	syntax	the arrangement of words and phrases to create well-formed sentences in a language	33
12370463634	theme	the subject of a talk, a piece of writing, a person's thoughts, or an exhibition; a topic	34
12370463635	thesis	the primary position taken by a writer or speaker	35
12370465986	tone	attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	36
12370469972	zeugma	use of two different words in a grammatically similar way that produces different, often incongruous, meanings	37
12370475951	argument and persuasion	essay that formulates an opinion or makes a proposal	38
12370475952	cause and effect	a relationship in which change in one variable causes change in another	39
12370483377	classification and division	a pattern of writing or speaking which is characterized by division, which is the process of breaking a whole into parts, and classification, which is the often subsequent process of sorting individual items into categories	40
12370486054	comparison and contrast	a method of informing that explains something by focusing on how it is similar and different from other things	41
12370489416	definition	the meaning of a word	42
12370489417	description	a spoken or written representation or account of a person, object, or event	43
12370492180	narration	the telling of a story in fiction, nonfiction, poetry, or drama; one of the four modes of discourse	44
12370495622	process analysis	explains how something works, how to do something, or how something was done	45
12370495623	soapstone	subject, occasion, audience, purpose, speaker, tone	46
12370514558	didls	diction, images, details, language, sentence structure	47
12370535924	anecdote	a short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person	48
12370535925	argumentation	writing that attempts to prove the validity of a point of view or an idea by presenting reasoned arguments; persuasive writing is a form of argumentation	49
12370538787	ellipsis	three periods (...) indicating the omission of words in thought or quotation	50
12370542569	deduction	the process of moving from a general rule to a specific example	51
12370548786	hyperbole	exaggeration	52
12370548787	imagery	visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work	53
12370552445	irony	the expression of one's meaning by using language that normally signifies the opposite, typically for humorous or emphatic effect	54
12370554899	parable	a simple story that illustrates a moral or religious lesson	55
12370559922	personification	the attribution of a personal nature or human characteristics to something nonhuman, or the representation of an abstract quality in human form	56
12370562650	pedantry	act of showing off learning in a manner that is needless and unimaginative	57
12370580957	commas	a punctuation mark (,) indicating a pause between parts of a sentence also used to separate items in a list and to mark the place of thousands in a large numeral	58
12370584235	comma splice	two sentences joined incorrectly with only a comma (add as, but, such, etc)	59
12370592855	apostrophe	show possession, mark omissions in contractions, or form plurals	60
12370606059	colon	a punctuation mark (:) used to precede a list of items, a quotation, or an expansion or explanation	61
12370608468	semicolon	a punctuation mark (;) indicating a pause, typically between two independent clauses, that is more pronounced than that indicated by a comma	62
12370614509	hyphen	a punctuation mark (-) used between parts of a compound word or between the syllables of a word when the word is divided at the end of a line of text	63
12370617286	dashes	a punctuation mark (—) used to indicate a sudden break in thought, to set off parenthetical material	64
12370619477	parentheses	used to not interrupt the main sentence (extra information) (in parentheses if it is a sentence make sure inside has its own period)	65
12370629948	brackets	used to enclose synonyms, alternative wording, or explanatory phrase []	66
12370640259	quotation mark	each of a set of punctuation marks, single (' ') or double (" "), used either to mark the beginning and end of a title or quoted passage or to indicate that a word or phrase is regarded as slang or jargon or is being discussed rather than used within the sentence	67
12370643863	period	ends a sentence that makes a statement	68
12370646561	question mark	ends a direct question	69
12370648844	exclamation point	punctuation used to show excitement or emotion, placed at the end of a sentence	70
12370651681	prepositions	a word that shows a relationship between nouns or pronouns and some other words in a sentence (after, before, near, back, on, by, with, between, during, beyond, off, at, like, of, for)	71
12370669897	italics	title of long works like plays and books when you type	72
12370674516	underline	title of long works like plays and books when you write	73