AP Bio Unit 2: Quiz 1 Flashcards

7740247124	Cell Membrane	phospholipid bi layer, holds the cell together, found in all cells	0
7740257593	Cell Wall	made of cellulose and protein, functions as structure for cells and protects cell from mechanical damage. Found only in plant cells (eukaryotes) and bacterial cells (prokaryotes)	1
7740270269	Nucleus	Surrounded by nuclear envelope, contains DNA (chromatin) and the nucleolus. Found in plant and animal cells	2
7740270270	Nucleolus	located inside the nucleus; makes ribosomes in plant and animal cells	3
7740289821	Ribosomes	found as free ribosomes floating in the cytoplasm as well as bound ribosomes attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Makes proteins in plant and animal cells	4
7740304160	Rough ER	membranes with bound ribosomes, attached to the nuclear envelope. makes and folds proteins in plant and animal cells	5
7740323586	Smooth ER	membranes without ribosomes, makes lipids for cell membrane, metabolism of carbohydrates and is important for detoxification in plant and animal cells	6
7740346100	Golgi apparatus	modifies, sorts, packages, and ships out proteins in plant and animal cells. active in synthesis	7
7740357691	Mitochondria	double membrane with lots of internal folds, which is important for converting glucose to ATP energy (cellular respiration) in plant and animal cells	8
7740375087	Chloroplast	double membrane with stacks of disks called thylakoids, converts solar energy to chemical energy stored in the bonds of glucose (photosynthesis) in plant cells	9
7740405291	Lysosomes	vacuoles with hydrolytic enzymes that break down food and/or parts of the cell to be recycled. Transports proteins in animal cells -pH of 4.5-5.0	10
7740440308	central vacuole	stores water within plant cells	11
7740482147	transport vesicle	carries secretions for export from the cell, from the Golgi apparatus, carries proteins from the ER to the Golgi apparatus	12
7740515155	smooth er	makes cell membrane	13
7740519773	nucleus	cell's control center	14
7740539344	plasma membrane	a substance must pass through here to enter or leave a cell	15
7740546486	bacteria and archaea	consists of prokaryotic cells	16
7740625748	all cells have...	cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes	17
7740686360	prokaryotic cells	no nucleus, no membrane bound organelles, evolved first, bacteria, DNA in cytoplasm (nucleoid)	18
7740704148	eukaryotic cells	type of cell that contains a nucleus bound by a double membrane, evolved later, is found in plants, animals, protists, and fungi, contains membrane bound organelles	19
7740728379	Endomembrane System	contains ER, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, and vesicles. Synthesizes, packages, exports/imports materials to and from the cell	20
14803355925	peroxisome	organelle with various specialized metabolic functions; produces hydrogen peroxide as a by-product, then converts it to water. found in plant and animal cells	21
14803368847	cytoskeleton	internal infrastructure of cells made of small proteins, reinforces shape and functions in cell movement	22
14803391237	translation	Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced in ribosomes	23
14803393707	free ribosomes	ribosomes suspended in the cytoplasm, make proteins that are needed by THAT CELL	24
14803408505	bound ribosomes	found on the endoplasmic reticulum, makes proteins destined for secretion for OTHER cells to use	25
14803430483	glycolipids and glycoproteins	help cells communicate and recognize each other	26
14803526980	Phagocytosis	process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell	27
14803531216	Autophagy	A process in which lysosomes decompose damaged organelles to reuse their organic monomers, which are released into the cytosol	28
14803545176	contractile vacuole	pumps excess water out of the cell	29
14803552048	Endiosymbiont	cell living within another cell	30
14803556395	endiosymbiont theory	theory stating that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiotic relationship with several different prokaryotes (mitochondria and chloroplasts) by engulfing an oxygen using prokaryotic cell	31
14803587527	Why is the inner membrane of mitochondria highly folded? What is the role of the individual thylakoid membranes?	to expand the cell's surface area	32