AMSCO AP US History Chapter 14 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition Chapter 14 The Civil War, 1861-1865

11890900107	border states	During the Civil War the term for the the states of Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky and Missouri. Keeping these states in the Union was a primary political and military goal of President Lincoln. They were slave states, but did not secede. (p. 269)	0
11890900108	Confederate States of America	In February 1861, representatives of South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas met in Montgomery, Alabama to form this new country. After the attack on Fort Sumter, the states of Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Arkansas also seceded and joined the Confederacy. The Confederate capital was moved to Richmond, Virginia. The Confederate Constitution was modeled after the U.S. Constitution, except that it provided a single six-year term for the president and gave the president an item veto (power to veto part of a bill). (p. 269, 270)	1
11890900109	Jefferson Davis	He served as President of the Confederate States during the Civil War. (p. 270)	2
11890900112	Morrill Tariff Act	In 1861, this tariff act raised rates to increase revenue and protect American manufacturers. (p. 281)	3
11890900113	Morrill Land Grant Act	In 1862, this act encouraged states to use the sale of federal land grants to maintain agricultural and technical colleges. (p. 281)	4
11890900114	Pacific Railway Act	In 1862, this act authorized the building of a transcontinental railroad over a northern route in order to link the economies of California and the western territories to the eastern states. (p. 281)	5
11890900115	Homestead Act	In 1862, this act promoted settlement of the Great Plains by offering parcels of 160 acres of public land free to any person or family that farmed that land for at least five years. (p. 281)	6
11890900116	Fort Sumter	A federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina. It was cut off from vital supplies because the South controlled the harbor. President Lincoln announced that he was sending provisions to the Union fort. On April 12, 1861, Carolina guns opened on the Union, and the Civil War began. (p. 269)	7
11890900117	Bull Run	In July 1861, 30,000 federal troops marched from Washington D.C. to attack Confederate forces near Bull Run Creek at Manassas Junction, Virginia. In the first major battle of the Civil War, Union forces seemed close to victory, but then Confederate reinforcements counterattacked and sent the inexperienced Union troops in retreat. (p. 271)	8
11890900119	Anaconda Plan	The Union's Civil War plan, created by General Winfield Scott. It called for the U.S. Navy to blockade Southern ports cutting off essential supplies from reaching the Confederacy. (p. 271)	9
11890900120	George McClellan	The commander of the Union army in the East. After extensive training of his army, he invaded Virginia in March 1862. The Union army was stopped as a result of brilliant tactical moves by the Confederate army. After five months he was forced to retreat to the Potomac, and was replaced by General John Pope. (p. 271)	10
11890900121	Robert E. Lee	Confederate general who defeated the Union at the Second Battle of Bull Run. At the Battle of Antietam (in Maryland) he was unable to break through the Union line and had to retreat back to Virginia. At Fredericksburg, Virginia his army suffered 5,000 casualties compared to 12,000 casualties for the Union army. His army was finally defeated and he surrendered to Union General Grant at Appomattox Court House on April 9, 1865. (p. 272 273, 277, 278)	11
11890900122	Antietam	This battle took place in September 1862, when Confederate General Robert E. Lee moved his troops into Union territory in Maryland. The Union army met them at Antietam Creek, in Sharpsburg, Maryland. It was the bloodiest single-day battle in American history, with more than 22,000 killed or wounded. Unable to break through the Union lines the Confederate army retreated to Virginia. The win was important because it stopped the Confederate invasion of the North and gave Lincoln the victory he was waiting for. He could now act against slavery. (p. 273)	12
11890900125	Ulysses S. Grant	In early 1862, this Union general led his troops from Illinois to capture Fort Henry and Fort Donelson on the Cumberland River (branch of the Mississippi). These victoires opened up the state of Mississippi to attack by the Union. A Confederate army surprised him at Shiloh, Tennessee, but the his army held its ground and finally forced the Confederates to retreat after 23,000 total casualties. In July 1863, he captured Vicksburg, Mississippi and the Union now controlled the Mississippi River. In early 1864 Lincoln made him commander of all the Union armies. As General Robert E. Lee tried to flee to mountains with army of less than 30,000 men he cut off his army and forced them to surrender at Appomattox Court House. (p. 273, 274, 277, 278)	13
11890900128	Gettysburg	On July 1, 1863, General Robert E. Lee led a Confederate army into Pennsylvania. He surprised the Union troops, and started the most crucial and bloodiest battle of the war. There were 50,000 casualties, but the Confederate army eventually retreated to Virginia, never to regain the offensive. (p. 277)	14
11890900129	Vicksburg	In May 1863, Union General Ulysses S. Grant began an artillery bombardment of this Mississippi city, which last for seven weeks. On July 4, 1863, the Confederates finally surrendered the city, along with 29,000 soldiers. The Union now controlled the full length of the Mississippi River. (p. 277)	15
11890900130	Sherman's March	Union General William Tecumseh Sherman led a force of 100,000 troops on a destructive march through Georgia. Destroying everything in their path, they captured Atlanta, Georgia in September 1864, then marched into Savannah by that December, then they captured and burned Columbia, South Carolina in February 1865. (p. 277)	16
11890900131	Appomattox Court House	Site of the surrender of the Confederate army led by Robert E. Lee to Union commander Ulysses S. Grant, on April 9, 1865. (p. 278)	17
11890900132	habeas corpus	This is the term for the constitutional right to be informed of charges and to be given a fair trial. During the Civil War Abraham Lincoln suspended this right, and arrested an estimated 13,000 people on suspicion of aiding the Confederates. (p. 279)	18
11890900133	Confiscation acts	Series of acts passed by the Union government, designed to liberate slaves in Confederate states. The second act in July 1862, freed slaves from anyone engaged in rebellion against the United States (Union). (p. 275)	19
11890900134	Emancipation Proclamation	After the Battle of Antietam, on September 22, 1862, President Lincoln warned that enslaved people in all states still in rebellion on January 1, 1863 would be freed. He also urged the border states to draft plans for emancipation of slaves in their states. On January 1, 1863, Lincoln as promised issued this famous proclamation. This led to slaves joining the Union army and increased Union support from Europe. (p. 276)	20
11890900135	13th Amendment	This constitutional amendment, ratified in December 1865, forbade slavery and involuntary servitude in all states. (p. 276)	21
11890900136	Ex Parte Milligan	In 1866, the Supreme Court ruled that the government had acted improperly in Indiana where, certain civilians had been subject to a military trial during the war. The Court ruled that such trials could be used only when regular civilian courts were unavailable. (p. 279)	22
11890900138	Copperheads	Northern Democrats who opposed the Civil War and wanted a negotiated peace. (p. 279)	23
11890900140	Trent Affair	In 1861, the Confederacy sent diplomats to Britain on a British steamer, to gain recognition for their government. A Union ship captured both men and took them as prisoners of war. The British threatened war if they were not released, and Lincoln gave into their demands. However, the diplomats were not able to get recognition for the Confederacy, from Britain or France. (p. 274)	24
11890900149	Massachusetts 54th Regiment	An all black regiment in the Civil War. (p. 276)	25
11890900150	women in the workplace	As men went off to battle in the Civil War, women stepped into the labor vacuum, operated farms and took factory jobs customarily held by men. (p. 282)	26
11890900151	women in nursing	During the Civil War women played a critical role as military nurses. (p. 282)	27