AP Lang Flashcards

14767243619	Active voice	The subject of the sentence performs the action	0
14767245177	Allusion	A reference to another work of literature, person, or event	1
14767246928	Alter-ego	A character that is used by the author to speak the author's own thoughts; when an author speaks directly to the audience through a character.	2
14767275837	Anecdote	short account of event	3
14767280399	Antecedent	The word, phrase, or clause referred to by a pronoun.	4
14767291818	Classicism	Art or literature characterized by a realistic view of people and the world; sticks to traditional themes and structures.	5
14767294752	Comic relief	When a humorous scene is inserted into a serious story, in order to lighten the mood somewhat.	6
14767298006	Diction	Word choice, particularly as an element of style.	7
14767306422	Colloquial	Ordinary or familiar type of conversation, similar to an adage or an aphorism.	8
14767390137	Connotation	implied meaning rather than literal meaning of a word.	9
14769727356	Denotation	The dictionary definition of a word, without its connotations	10
14769733410	Jargon	The diction used by a group which practices a similar profession or activity.	11
14769752880	Vernacular	the language or dialect spoken by the ordinary people in a particular country or region.	12
14769757865	Didactic	A term used to describe a text that has a moral.	13
14769773732	Adage	A folk saying with a lesson. Similar to aphorism and colloquialism.	14
14769779246	Allegory	A story in which its parts represent qualities or conepts.	15
14769786321	Aphorism	A statement which represents the general truth or moral principle	16
14769795319	Ellipsis	the omission of a word or phrase from prose done for effect by the author.	17
14769806864	Euphemism	A more agreeable or less offensive substitute for a generally unpleasant word or concept.	18
14769822079	Figurative language	Writing or speech that is not meant to be taken literally.	19
14769829979	Literal language	Writing that makes complete sense when you take it at face value.	20
14769847746	Analogy	A comparison of one pair of variables to a parallel set of variables. The writer argues that the relationship between the first pair of variables is the same as the relationship between the second pair of variables.	21
14769909644	Hyperbole	Exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally.	22
14769913784	Idiom	A common expression that doesn't make sense if you take it literally.	23
14769918041	Metaphor	Making an implied comparison , not using "like", "as", or other such words.	24
14769947262	Metonymy	Replacing an actual word or idea, with a related word or concept. Is often used with body parts: "I could not understand his tongue".	25
14769971945	Synecdoche	A kind of metonymy when a whole is represented by naming one of its parts, or vice versa. "Check out my new wheels".	26
14769991656	Simile	Using words such as "like" or "as" to make a direct comparison between two very different things.	27
14770006374	Synesthesia	Describing one kind of sensation in terms of another ("a loud color", "a sweet sound").	28
14770011746	Personification	The giving of human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.	29
14770022691	Foreshadowing	When an author gives hints about what will occur later in a story.	30
14770027641	Genre	A major category or type of literature.	31
14770030482	Gothic	Writing characterized by gloom, mystery, fear and/or death.	32
14770032481	Imagery	Visually descriptive or figurative language, especially in a literary work.	33
14770050171	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	34
14770050908	Irony	When the opposite of what is expected happens.	35
14770056099	Verbal irony	When you say something and mean the opposite/something different.	36
14770058433	Dramatic irony	When the audience knows something that the character doesn't.	37
14770063801	Situational irony	An outcome that turns out to be very different from what was expected	38
14770120309	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts.	39
14770122024	Mood	The atmosphere created by the literature and accomplished through word choice (diction).	40
14770140674	Motif	A recurring theme, subject or idea.	41
14770145201	Oxymoron	Conjoining contradictory terms (as in 'deafening silence')	42
14770147564	Pacing	The relative speed or slowness with which a story is told or an idea is presented.	43
14993276186	Paradox	A seemingly contradictory situation which is actually true	44
14993304662	Parallelism	Sentence construction which places equal grammatical constructions near each other, or repeats identical grammatical patterns.	45
14993317496	Anaphora	Repetition of a word, phrase, or clause at the beginning of two or more sentences or clauses in a row.	46
14993340964	Chiasmus	When the same words are used twice in succession, but the second time, the order of the words is reversed.	47
14993368179	Antithesis	Two contrasting words, phrases, or clauses, or even ideas, with parallel structure.	48
14993391446	Zuegma (Syllepsis)	When a single word governs or modifies two or more other words, and the meaning of the first word must change for each of the other words it governs or modifies. "I quickly dressed myself and the salad."	49
14993406394	Parenthetical Idea	Parentheses are used to set off an idea from the rest of the sentence.	50
14993413813	Parody	An exaggerated imitation of a serious work for humorous purposes.	51
14993425313	Persona	The fictional mask or narrator that tells the story.	52
14993438267	Poetic device	A device used in poetry to manipulate the sound of words, sentences or lines.	53
14993451119	Alliteration	The repetition of the same consonant sound at the beginning of words.	54
14993462867	Assonance	the repetition of identical or similar vowel sounds.	55
14993480710	Consonance	Repetition of a consonant sound within two or more words in close proximity.	56
14993500060	Onomatopoeia	The use of a word which imitates or suggests the sound that the thing makes.	57
14993515591	Internal rhyme	When a line of poetry contains a rhyme within a single line	58
14993547793	Slant rhyme	When a poet creates a rhyme, but the two words do not rhyme exactly.	59
14993567810	End rhyme	When the last word of two different lines of poetry rhyme.	60
14993576996	Rhyme scheme	The pattern of a poem's end rhymes.	61
14993589332	Stressed and unstressed syllables	In every word of more than one syllable, one of the syllables is stressed, or said with more force than the other syllable(s).	62
14993610260	Meter	A regular pattern to the syllables in lines of poetry.	63
14993633689	Free verse	Poetry that doesn't have much meter or rhyme.	64
14993643915	iamble pentameter	Poetry that is written in lines of 10 syllables, alternating stressed and unstressed syllables.	65
14993664607	Sonnet	A 14 line poem written in iambic pentameter.	66
14993682795	Polysyndeton	When a writer creates a list of items which are all separated by conjunctions.	67
14993697117	Pun	When a word that has two or more meanings is used in a humorous way.	68
15189881911	Rhetoric	The art of effective communication	69
15189891012	Aristotle's Rhetorical Triangle	The relationships, in any piece of writing, between the writer, the audience, and the subject.	70
15189910975	Romanticism	Art or literature characterized by an idealistic, perhaps unrealistic view of people and the world, and an emphasis on nature.	71
15189914861	Sarcasm	A generally bitter comment that is ironically or satirically worded.	72
15189930491	Satire	A work that reveals a critical attitude toward some element of life to a humorous effect. It targets human vices and follies, or special institutions and conventions.	73
15189977204	Sentence	A group of words that expresses a complete thought (including subject and verb).	74
15189989646	Appositive	A word or group of words placed beside a noun or noun substitute to supplement its meaning.	75
15190000990	Clause	A grammatical unit that contains both a subject and a verb. An independent clause expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a sentence. A dependent, or subordinate clause, cannot stand alone as a sentence and must be accompanied by an independent clause.	76
15190018046	Balanced sentence	A sentence in which two parallel elements are set off against each other like equal weights on a scale.	77
15190027048	Compound sentence	Contains at least two independent clauses but no dependent clauses.	78
15190038318	Complex sentence	Contains only one independent clause and at least one dependent clause.	79
15190048266	Cumulative (loose) sentence	When the writer begins with an independent clause, then adds subordinate elements.	80
15190067814	Periodic sentence	When the main idea is not completed until the end of the sentence.	81
15190078963	Simple sentence	Contains only one independent clause.	82
15190087140	Declarative sentence	States an idea.	83
15190096637	Imperative sentence	Issues a command.	84
15190100724	interrogative sentence	Sentences incorporating interrogative pronouns.	85
15190106041	Style	The choices in diction, tone, and syntax that a writer makes.	86
15190113221	Symbol	anything that stands for or represents something else.	87
15190124370	Syntax/sentence variety	Grammatical arrangement of words.	88
15190129987	Theme	The central idea or message of a group.	89
15190135398	Thesis	The sentence or groups of sentences that directly expresses the author's opinion, purpose, meaning, or proposition.	90
15190144713	Tone	A writer's attitude towards his subject matter revealed through diction, figurative language and organization.	91
15190164798	Understatement	The ironic minimizing of fact, presents something as less significant than it is.	92
15190167052	Litotes	a particular form of understatement, is generated by the opposite of the statement which otherwise would be used.	93
15190188296	Argument	a piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion.	94
15190204150	Premises	Statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion.	95
15190213553	Conclusion	The end result of an argument.	96
15190216119	Aristotle's appeals	ethos, pathos, logos.	97
15190222312	Ethos (credibility)	means being convinced by the credibility of the author.	98
15190229696	Pathos (emotional)	persuading by appealing to the reader's emotions.	99
15190235079	Logos (logical)	means persuading by the use of reasoning, using true premises and valid arguments.	100
15190241486	Concession	Accepting at least part or all of an opposing viewpoint.	101
15190249074	Conditional statement	An if-then statement that consists of two parts, an antecedent and a consequent.	102
15190265096	Contradiction	occurs when one asserts two mutually exclusive propositions.	103
15190274791	Counterexample	An example that runs counter to (opposes) a generalization, thus falsifying it.	104
15190285407	Deductive argument	An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide a guarantee of the truth of the conclusion.	105
15190294783	Fallacy	an attractive but unreliable piece of reasoning.	106
15190302029	Ad hominem	Personally attacking your opponents instead of their arguements.	107
15190312450	Appeal to authority	The claim that because somebody famous supports an idea, the idea must be right.	108
15190320443	Appeal to the bandwagon	The claim, as evidence for an idea, that many people believe it, or used to believe it, or do it.	109
15190335380	Appeal to emotion	An attempt to replace a logical argument with an appeal to the audience's emotions.	110
15190338532	Bad analogy	Claiming that two situations are highly similar, when they aren't.	111
15190341422	Cliche thinking	Using as evidence a well-known saying, as if it is proven, or as if it has no exceptions.	112
15190348858	False cause	Assuming that because two things happened, the first one caused the second one.	113
15190356009	Hasty generalization	A generalization based on too little or unrepresentative data.	114
15190361152	Non sequitur	A conclusion that does not follow from its premises; an invalid argument.	115
15190365788	Slippery slope	The assumption that once started, a situation will continue to its most extreme possible outcome.	116
15190376252	Inductive argument	An argument in which it is thought that the premises provide reasons supporting the probable truth of the conclusion.	117
15190385624	Sound argument	A deductive argument is said to be sound if it meets two conditions: First, that the line of reasoning from the premises to the conclusion is valid. Second, that the premises are true.	118
15190390765	Unstated premises	not every argument is fully expressed.	119
15190399459	Unstated premises	not every argument is fully expressed.	120
15190407705	Valid argument	An argument is valid if the conclusion logically follows from the premises.	121
15252094310	Abjure	To renounce	122
15252097481	Anomaly	Deviation from the norm	123
15252104029	Equanimity	Stability, calmness	124
15252107675	Estrange	To alienate	125
15252112418	Flay	To whip, to remove skin	126
15252120933	Florid	Rosy-colored	127
15252141148	Interminable	Tiresome and long	128
15252144324	Lugubious	Mournful, gloomy	129
15252150140	Nondescript	Having no individuality	130
15252156234	Propitious	Favorable, auspicious	131
15252169444	Rife	Abundant	132
15252171767	Truncate	To shorten	133
15252178442	Ubiquitous	Occurring everywhere	134
15252179005	Vernacular	Everyday language	135
15252183372	Zealous	Fervent, fanatical	136
15390833369	Arable	fit for cultivation	137
15390836934	Brigand	a robber or bandit	138
15390838295	Carte blanche	authority with no bounds	139
15390840242	Consommé	Clear soup	140
15390842398	Contemptuous	scornful, haughty	141
15390848914	Cosmopolitan	worldly; sophisticated	142
15390850560	Discerning	distinguishing differences, detecting	143
15390853912	Donnybrook	fight, uproar	144
15390855953	Incantation	charm; recited magical spell	145
15390858873	Interlocutor	questioner; an on-stage speaker	146
15390859905	metamorphosis	a transformation or dramatic change	147
15390864653	nomenclature	naming system in an art or science	148
15390868599	Serendipity	a fortunate discovery made by accident	149
15390870849	stentorian	extremely loud	150
15390872616	Vestige	Trace; evidence	151
15428026678	Abstemious	eating and drinking moderately	152
15428028845	Archaic	no longer current or applicable; antiquated	153
15428037312	Dulcet	melodious, pleasant to hear	154
15428042691	Expurgate	to remove objectionable words from	155
15428055530	Idyllic	carefree, simple; nearly perfect	156
15428060432	Iniquity	sin; a wicked or evil act	157
15428065209	Lithe	supple; graceful in motion	158
15428070669	Patronizing	treating in a condescending manner, to talk down to	159
15428076850	Pellucid	transparent; clear	160
15428086652	Perspicacious	keen; mentally sharp	161
15428099288	Relegate	to assign	162
15428102048	Scapegoat	one who bears the blame for an offense	163
15428104187	talisman	Magical charm for protection	164
15428108017	Usurp	to take over; to seize power	165
15428119729	Vacillate	to waver; to sway indecisively	166
15597016950	Acme	the highest point	167
15597023091	Apocryphal	of doubtful origin; fictitious	168
15597034947	Catharsis	an extremely emotional experience	169
15597040833	desiccate	to dry up completely	170
15597045137	Dissipate	to waste; exhaust	171
15597050315	Efficacious	effective; producing the desired outcome	172
15597054261	Ineffable	inexpressible; beyond description	173
15597063788	intrinsic	of or relating to the basic nature of a thing; inherent	174
15597070478	inundate	to cover with; to be overwhelmed with	175
15597078656	kudos	praise, fame, glory	176
15597082170	maxim	fundamental principle; rule; familiar statement	177
15597089782	putrid	partially decayed or decomposed; having a foul smell	178
15597097271	revere	to regard with respect, awe, and adoration	179
15597102313	servile	submissive, slavish	180
15597105540	superfluous	unnecessary; excessive	181
15722476876	Consternation	dismay or worry; concern	182
15722478538	conundrum	a puzzle or dilemma; a problem	183
15722483048	Coterie	a small group of people who share interests and associate	184
15722492254	emollient	something softening; soothing to the skin	185
15722505012	expiate	to atone, to make amends for	186
15722506617	extricate	to release, disentangle	187
15722510421	flippancy	disrespect	188
15722512425	foist	to pass off as worthy or real	189
15722516198	incongruous	incompatible; not harmonious to the situation or surroundings	190
15722522978	innocuous	harmless	191
15722525223	inveterate	habitual, continuing	192
15722528991	plethora	abundance; excess	193
15722530709	preamble	preliminary statement	194
15722532221	soluble	easily dissolved	195
15722549279	vitriolic	bitterly spiteful; caustic	196
15944809048	Camaraderie	rapport between friends; comradeship	197
15944812099	Haughty	proud, arrogant	198
15944813021	Hubris	arrogance resulting from excessive pride	199
15944815067	Imbroglio	a difficult situation	200
15944820239	Impetuous	impulsive; rash	201
15944821330	Malinger	to pretend to be ill or injured to avoid work	202
15944824978	Peregrination	traveling on foot; walking	203
15944826221	platitude	cliche	204
15944828299	Sanctimonious	false piety or righteousness	205
15944829505	Scullion	A kitchen servant	206
15944832356	Sectarian	narrowly confined to a particular group	207
15944834100	stringent	strict; rigorous	208
15944834809	trite	hackneyed; cliched; lacking interest	209
15944837309	Vernerate	to respect, worship, or revere	210
15944839588	Wrenching	violent, forceful twisting	211