Campbell Biology-Chapter 40 Flashcards

13721966922	anatomy	Study of the structure of an organism.	0
13721966923	physiology	Study of the functions an organism performs.	1
13721966924	tissues	Groups of cells with a common structure and function.	2
13721969641	stratified squamous epithelium	Function: protects underlying tissues in areas subject to abrasion Location: moist lining of the esophagus, mouth, and vagina; outer of the skin, a dry membrane.	3
13721974697	cuboidal epithelium	Dice-shaped cells specialized for secretion. Makes up the epithelium of kidney tubules and many glands, including the thyroid gland and salivary glands.	4
13721976987	simple columnar epithelium	secretion/absorption, lines intestines	5
13721980641	simple squamous epithelium	single layer of flat cells, gas exchange, think and leaky Location: BV & air sacs of lungs	6
13721986030	pseudostratified columnar epithelium	single layer of irregularly shaped and sized cells found in mucous membranes of upper respiratory tract	7
13721998769	apical epithelial surface	Faces the body surface, a body cavity, the lumen (interior space) can have cilia or microvilli	8
13721966925	epithelial tissue	Tissue that covers outside of the body and lines organs and cavities.	9
13721966926	mucous membrane	Membrane that secretes mucus that lubricates the surface of organs and keeps them moist.	10
13721966927	simple epithelium	Single layer of cells.	11
13721966928	stratified epithelium	Multiples tiers of cells.	12
13721966929	cubiodal epithelium	Dice-shaped cells.	13
13721966930	columnar epithelium	Cells shaped like bricks standing on end.	14
13721966931	squamous epithelium	Cells that are like floor tiles.	15
13721966932	connective tissue	Tissue that functions mainly to bind and support other tissues.	16
13721966933	collagenous fibers	Fibers made of collagen.	17
13721966934	elastic fibers	Fibers made of elastin.	18
13721966935	reticular fibers	Fibers made of collagen fibers that are very thin and branched. Forma tightly woven fabric that joins connective tissue to adjacent tissues.	19
13721966936	fibroblasts	In connective tissue, cells that secrete the proteins of the fibers.	20
13721966937	macrophages	Amoeboid cells that roam connective tissue and engulf foreign particles and debris of dead cells.	21
13721966938	muscle tissue	Tissue made of cells capable of contracting.	22
13721966939	nervous tissue	Tissue that senses stimuli and transmits signals.	23
13721966940	loose connective tissue	Tissue that binds epithelia to underlying tissues and holds organs in place. Contains collagenous, elastic, and recticular fibers.	24
13721966941	fibrous connective tissue	Dense tissue, large number of collagen fibers organized into parallel bundles. Includes ligaments and tendons.	25
13721966942	bone	Mineralized connective tissue.	26
13721966943	osteoblasts	Bone-forming cells.	27
13721966944	blood	Connective tissue made of plasma, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets.	28
13721966945	adipose tissue	Tissue that stores fat.	29
13721966946	tendons	Attach muscles to bones.	30
13721966947	ligaments	Join bones to bones at joints.	31
13721966948	cartilage	Made of collagenous fibers in matrix of chondroitin sulfate.	32
13721966949	chondrocytes	Cells that secrete cartilage.	33
13721966950	skeletal muscle	Muscle that is striated, multinucleated.	34
13721966951	smooth muscle	Muscle that is not striated, is single nucleated.	35
13721966952	cardiac muscle	Muscle that is branched, striated, single nucleated.	36
13721966953	organs	Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions.	37
13721966954	mesenteries	Sheets of connective tissue in moist or fluid-filled body cavities.	38
13721966955	thoracic cavity	Cavity housing lungs and heart.	39
13721966956	abdominal cavity	Cavity housing intestines.	40
13721966957	bioenergetics	Flow of energy through an animal. Limits its behavior, growth, reproduction.	41
13721966958	metabolic rate	Amount of energy an animal uses in a unit of time; the sum of all the energy-requiring biochemical reactions.	42
13721966959	endothermic	Animals that are warmed mostly by heat generated by metabolism.	43
13721966960	ectothermic	Animals that gain heat mostly from external sources.	44
13722022771	poikilotherm	variable body temperature	45
13721966961	basal metabolic rate (BMR)	The metabolic rate of a nongrowing, resting, fasting, nonstressed endotherm.	46
13721966962	standard metabolic rate (SMR)	The metabolic rate of a resting, fasting, nonstressed ectotherm.	47
13721966963	homeostasis	"Steady state" or "constant internal milieu".	48
13721966964	regulator	An animal that uses internal control mechanisms to moderate internal change in the face of external fluctuation.	49
13721966965	conformer	An animal that allows its internal condition to vary with certain external changes.	50
13721966966	negative feedback	Maintains a steady state.	51
13721966967	positive feedback	Takes organism away from a steady state.	52
13721966968	thermoregulation	Process of maintaining an internal temperature within a tolerable range.	53
13721966969	vasodialation	Increases in the diameter of superficial blood vessels; cools the body.	54
13721966970	vasoconstriction	Reduces blood flow and heat transfer by decreasing the diameter of superficial blood vessels.	55
13721966971	countercurrent heat exchanger	In ectotherms, a circulatory adaptation that is an arrangement of blood vessels that warm or cool the blood.	56
13721966972	acclimatization	Adjusting to a new range of environmental temperatures.	57
13721966973	torpor	Physiological state in which activity is low and metabolism decreases.	58
13721966974	hibernation	long-term torpor that is an adaptation to winter cold and food scarcity	59
13721966975	estivation	Summer torpor. Enables animals to survive long periods of high temperatures and scarce water supplies.	60
13721966976	daily torpor	In small mammals and birds, daily lowering of metabolism that allows them to survive on stored energy.	61
13721966977	Three possible shapes of epithelial tissue	Columnar Squamous Cuboidal	62
13721966978	Three possible arrangements of epithelial tissue	Simple Stratified Pseudostratified	63
13721966979	Stratified Squamous: - Location	Outer skin, mouth, anus, vagina	64