Campbell Biology Chapter 30 Flashcards

9395098714	homosporous	produce one kind of spore; usually gives rise to a bisexual gametophyte	0
9395098715	heterosporous	produces two kinds of spores: megasporangia and microsporangia	1
9395098716	megasporangia	produce megaspores; give rise to female gametophytes	2
9395098717	microsporangia	produce microspores; give rise to male gametophytes	3
9395098718	integument	envelops and protects the megasporangium	4
9395098719	ovule	megasporangium, megaspore, and integument	5
9395098720	pollen grain	develops from microspore; consists of a male gametophyte enclosed within the pollen wall	6
9395098721	sporopollenin	in the pollen wall; protects the pollen grain as it is transported by wind or by hitchhiking on an animal	7
9395098722	pollination	the transfer of pollen to the part of a seed plant that contains the ovules	8
9395098723	seeded vascular plants	gymnosperms and angiosperms	9
9395098724	angiosperms	seeded vascular plants, also have fruits (flowering plants)	10
9395098725	gymnosperms	cone-bearing plants called conifers ( naked seed plants)	11
9395098726	flower	unique angiosperm structure specialized for sexual reproduction	12
9395098727	sepals	base of the flower; usually are green and enclose the flower before it opens	13
9395098728	petals	interior to the sepals, aid in attracting pollinators	14
9395098729	stamens	produce microspores that develop into pollen grains containing male gametophytes; consists of filament and anthers	15
9395098730	filament	stalk; elevates the anther	16
9395098731	anther	where pollen is produced	17
9395098732	stigma	tip of the carpel; receives pollen	18
9395098733	carpels	make megaspores (and therefore female gametophytes)	19
9395098734	style	leads from the stigma to a structure at the base of the carpel	20
9395098735	ovary	base of the carpel	21
9395098736	complete flowers	all four organs; stamen, carpel, petal, and sepal	22
9395098737	incomplete flowers	lack one or more organs; missing a stamen, carpel, petal, or sepal	23
9395098738	fruit	thickened ovary wall; ovary matures	24
9395098739	monocot	one cotyledon	25
9395098740	eudicot (dicots)	two cotyledon	26
9395098741	gymnosperm diversity (4 phyla)	cycadophyta, ginkgophyta, gnetophyta, coniferophyta	27
9395098742	cycadophyta	peaked in Mesoic (age of dinosaurs); over 75% of remaining species threatened	28
9395098743	ginkgophyta	"Maiden-Hair tree"; has deciduous leaves and dioecious species	29
9395098744	dioecious species	male and female components are in separate plants	30
9395098745	gnetophyta	three separate genera (gnetum spp, welwitschia mirabilis, ephedra spp); share molecular similarities	31
9395098746	coniferophyta	most species have woody cones and needle, evergreen leaves; (squoidendron giganteum, pinus longaerva, wollemia nobilis, tsuga canadensis, taxus brevifolia)	32
9395098747	characteristics of monocots	veins usually parallel in leaf venation, vascular tissue scattered in stems	33
9395098748	characteristics of eudicots	veins usually netlike in leaf venation; vascular tissues usually arranged in a ring of stems	34
9395098749	seed	an embryo and nutrients surrounded by a protective coat	35
9395098750	monoecious plants	have male and female reproductive structures on the same plant	36
9395098751	dioecious plants	have male and female reproductive structures on different plants	37
9395098752	inflorescences	cluster of flowers	38
9395098753	generative cell	divides to form tow sperm	39
9395098754	tube cell	produces a pollen tube	40
9395098755	herbaceous plants	do not make wood (ex. grasses)	41
9395098756	woody plants	make wood (ex. shrubs or trees)	42
9395098757	annuals	complete their life cycle in a year of less	43
9395098758	biennials	require two growing season (first year= grow , second year= reproduce)	44
9395098759	perennials	live for many years	45
9395098760	stems	any part of the plants that supports leaves or reproductive structures	46
9395098761	leaves	specialized for photosynthesis	47
9395098762	roots	functions: anchor plants to soil, absorb water and nutrients, and storage of food for future growth	48
9395098763	3 types of organs that plants have	stems, leaves, and roots	49
9395098764	dermal tissue	outer protective covering	50
9395098765	vascular tissue	transport of material between roots and shoot system	51
9395098766	ground tissue	storage, photosynthesis, support	52
9395098767	xylem	conveys water and dissolved minerals upward from roots into the shoots	53
9395098768	phloem	transports sugars from where they are made to where they are needed (roots and site of growth)	54
9395098769	stele	vascular tissue of a stem or root	55
9395098770	cortex	ground tissue external to the vascular tissue	56
9395098771	pith	ground tissue internal to the vascular tissue	57
9395098772	node	site of leaf attachment of stem (leaf scars)	58
9395098773	root cap	at growing tip of root, pushes its way through soil	59
9395098774	meristem	beneath root cap, where root grows	60
9395098775	root hair	increase surface area for absorption	61