AMSCO AP US History Chapter 22 Flashcards

AMSCO United States History 2015 Edition, Chapter 22 World War I and its Aftermath, 1914-1920

12739794463	Allied Powers	In World War I, Great Britain, France, and Russia were known by this name. (p. 455)	0
12739794464	Central Powers	In World War I, Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Ottoman Empire were known by this name. (p. 455)	1
12739794467	Lusitania	On May 7, 1915 a British passenger ship was sunk by German torpedoes and 128 American passengers died. The sinking greatly turned American opinion against the Germans, and moved the country towards war. (p. 455).	2
12739794514	Sussex Pledge	In March 1916 an unarmed merchant ship, the Sussex, was sunk by the Germans. Germany made a pledge that they would not sink anymore merchant ships without warning. This kept the U.S. out of the war for a little while longer. (p. 456)	3
12739794468	propaganda	Britain controlled the daily war news that was cabled to the United States. They supplied the American press with many stories of German soldier committing atrocities. (p. 457)	4
12739794471	Election of 1916 ("He kept us out of war")	In this election, main concern of voters was whether or not the United States would become involved in World War I. Involving Taft, Teddy Roosevelt, and Woodrow Wilson. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote, enabling Wilson to win	5
12739794475	Zimmermann telegram	In March 1917, the U.S. newspapers carried the story that Britain had intercepted a telegram from the German government to the Mexican government offering German support if Mexico declared war against the U.S. (p. 459)	6
12739794515	Russian Revolution	The revolution against the autocratic tsarist government which led to the abdication of Nicholas II and the creation of a republic in March 1917. (p. 459)	7
12739794476	declaration of war	In April 1917, President Wilson asked Congress for a declaration of war against Germany. (p. 460)	8
12739794477	war industry boards	During World War I, they set production priorities and established centralized control over raw materials and prices. (P. 460)	9
12739794478	MAIN causes of WWI	M- Militarism A- Alliances I- Imperialism N- Nationalism	10
12739794479	Blockades of U.S. ships	Early in the war while the U.S. tried to remain neutral, both Britain and Germany blockaded and seized U.S. ships that were trying to reach the opposite country.	11
12739794480	National Defense Act	Act of 1916 that expanded the regular federal army from 90,000 to 175,000 and permitted gradual enlargement to 223,000, expanded the National Guard to 440,000, made provision for their training, and gave federal funds for summer training camps for civilians.	12
12739794516	Selective Service Act	In 1917, this law provided for the registration of all American men between the ages of 21 and 30 for a military draft. Men were chosen by lottery. Eventually, 2.8 million were called by lottery, in addition to the nearly 2 million who volunteered. (p. 462)	13
12739794483	Committee on Public Information	A propaganda organization that created numerous posters, short films, and pamphlets explaining the war to Americans and encouraging them to purchase war bonds to gain support for World War I. (p. 461)	14
12739794485	American Protective League	An organization that helped the Justice Department identify radicals and critics of the war by spying on their neighbors and carrying out ''slacker raids'' in which thousands of men were stopped on the streets of major cities and required to produce draft registration cards.	15
12739794517	Espionage Act	In 1917, this law imposed sentences of up to twenty years on anyone found guilty of aiding the enemy, obstructing recruitment of soldiers, or encouraging disloyalty. (p. 461)	16
12739794518	Sedition Act	In 1918, this law made it a crime to criticize the government or government officials. Opponents claimed that it violated citizens' rights to freedom of speech and freedom of the press, guaranteed by the First Amendment. About 1000 people were jailed because of the law, one of them was Eugene Debs. (p. 461)	17
12739794519	Schenck v. United States	A 1919 Supreme Court case, in which the constitutionality of the Espionage Act was upheld in the case of a man who was imprisoned for distributing pamphlets against the draft. Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes said the right to free speech could be limited when it represented a "clear and present danger" to public safety. (p. 461)	18
12739794487	wartime jobs for women	As men joined the military many of their former jobs were taken by women. (p. 462)	19
12739794489	migration of blacks and Hispanics	During World War I, many Mexicans crossed the border to take jobs in agriculture and mining. African Americans moved to the North for new job opportunities. (p. 462)	20
12739794491	American Expeditionary Force	In the summer of 1918, hundreds of thousands of American troops went to France as members of this force under General John J. Pershing. (p. 463)	21
12739794494	November 11, 1918	On this date, Germany signed a World War I armistice in which they agreed to surrender their arms, give up much of their navy, and evacuate occupied territory. (p. 463)	22
12739794496	Fourteen Points	After the end of World War I, President Woodrow Wilson outlined a plan for achieving a lasting peace. It called for self-determination, freedom of the seas, free trade, end to secret agreements, reduction of arms, and a general association of nations. (p. 464)	23
12739794520	Big Four	The term for the the four most important leaders (on the Allied side) during Word War I and at the Paris Peace Conference. They were Woodrow Wilson - United States, David Lloyd George - Great Britain, George Clemenceau - France, and Vittorio Orlando - Italy. (p. 465)	24
12739794521	Treaty of Versailles	The World War I peace conference which included the victorious Allied Powers (United States, Great Britain, and France). The defeated Germany agreed to the following terms: 1) Germany had to disarm. 2) Germany had to pay war reparations. 3) Germany had to acknowledge guilt for causing the war. 4) Germany could not manufacture any weapons. 5) Germany had to accept French occupation of the Rhineland for 15 years. 6) Territories taken from Germany: Austria-Hungary, and Russia were given their independence (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Finland, Poland, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia) 7) Signers joined the League of Nations which includes Article X; that each member nation would stand ready to protect the independence and territorial integrity of the other nations. (p. 465)	25
12739794522	League of Nations	International organization founded in 1919 to promote world peace and cooperation. However, it was greatly weakened by the refusal of the United States to join. (p. 466)	26
12739794501	Irreconcilables	In 1919, senators who voted against the Treaty of Versailles because it required the United States to join the League of Nations. (p. 466)	27
12739794502	Reservationists	In 1919, senators who pledged to vote in favor of the Treaty of Versailles if certain changes were made. They were led by Henry Cabot Lodge. (p. 466)	28
12739794524	Red Scare	After World War I, anti-communist hysteria caused this phenomenon. (p. 467)	29
12739794508	Palmer raids	Prompted by a series of unexplained bombings, in 1920, this operation was coordinated by Attorney General Mitchell Palmer. Federal marshals raided the homes of suspected radicals and the headquarters of radical organizations in many cities. (p. 467)	30
12739794512	Race Riots of 1919	Racial tensions mounted, and race riots broke out in several cities, largely due to the increased minority populations caused by wartime migration for jobs. Some of the worst violence occurred in Chicago, where 13 days of rioting in 1919 left 38 people dead and some 500 injured.	31