AP Psych: Chapter 3 Flashcards
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| 15642272810 | consciousness | our awareness of ourselves and our environment | 0 | |
| 15642287810 | history of consciousness | by 1969 due to improvement in technology, study of the brain led to the study of consciousness | 1 | |
| 15642297926 | dual processing | the idea that we have two minds that process information simultaneously: conscious and unconscious | 2 | |
| 15642311337 | selective attention | the focusing of conscious awareness on a particular stimulus, we take in 11,000,000 bits of info but can consciously process 40 | 3 | |
| 15642327830 | what do we pay attention to? | survival, things we like, weird things | 4 | |
| 15642342355 | cell phone use and driving | increases motor accidents 4 times, with passengers its 1.6 | 5 | |
| 15642357769 | what percent of accidents are caused by distracted people | 80% | 6 | |
| 15642360275 | inattentional blindness | failing to see visible objects when our attention is directed elsewhere | 7 | |
| 15642372814 | consciousness most to least alert | 1. controlled processes (100% awareness) 2. automatic processes 3. daydreaming (drifting thoughts) 4. altered states (change biology) 5. dreams (light sleep) 6. sleep (stages 1-4; heavier sleep) 7. unconscious and implicit memory 8. unconsciousness (zero awareness) | 8 | |
| 15642402723 | biological rhythms | controlled by internal "biological clocks" (hypothalamus) | 9 | |
| 15642412319 | circadian rhythm | the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle (sleep, alertness, and body temperature) | 10 | |
| 15642423121 | hypothalamus | contains the suprachiasmatic nucleus that reacts to retinal exposure to light (when lights out our pineal glands decreases in melatonin production, in darkness melatonin increases) | 11 | |
| 15642467911 | clock problems | sunday night insomnia, jet lag, working midnight shifts, the light bulb | 12 | |
| 15642476732 | Stage 1 (NREM) | light sleep muscles activity slows down occasional muscle twitch |  | 13 |
| 15642505149 | Stage 2 (NREM) | brain wave spindles breathing patterns heart rate slows slight decrease in body temperature | | 14 |
| 15642515784 | Stage 3 (NREM) | brain begins to generate slow delta waves deep sleep begins | | 15 |
| 15642546874 | Stage 4 (NREM) | very deep sleep rhythmic breathing limited muscle activity brain generates delta waves | | 16 |
| 15642567815 | Stage 5 (REM) | rapid eye movement brainwaves speed up = dreaming muscles relax heart rate increases breathing is rapid and shallow (occurs between stages 1 and 2) | | 17 |
| 15642583791 | REM sleep | dreaming and paralyzed | 18 | |
| 15642624157 | delta waves | the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep | 19 | |
| 15642606296 | why do we sleep? | protection, recuperation, memory, creative thinking, growth | 20 | |
| 15642632212 | Effects of sleep deprivation | well-being diminishes, prone to accidents, suppression of immune system | 21 | |
| 15642655981 | insomnia | recurring problems in falling or staying asleep | 22 | |
| 15642665307 | Narcolepsy | uncontrollable sleep attacks; may lapse directly into REM sleep | 23 | |
| 15642671883 | sleep apnea | temporary stopping of breathing during sleep; repeated momentary awakening | 24 | |
| 15642682783 | night terrors | high arousal and appearance of being terrified; occurs during stage 4 sleep within 2 or 3 hours of falling asleep | 25 | |
| 15642697428 | parasomnia | sleep talking/walking | 26 | |
| 15642704808 | restless leg syndrome | uncomfortable sensations in legs causing movement and loss of sleep | 27 | |
| 15642710867 | why do we dream? | 1. to satisfy our own wishes 2. to file away memories 3. to develop and preserve neural pathways 4. to make sense of neural static 5. to reflect cognitive development | 28 | |
| 15642717259 | dream | a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person's mind | 29 | |
| 15642788134 | withdrawal | the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug | 30 | |
| 15642809423 | myth 2 of addiction | addictions cannot be overcome voluntarily | 31 | |
| 15642782432 | tolerance | the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the drug's effect | 32 | |
| 15642870246 | influences on drug use | biological (heredity), psychological (lacking purpose/stress), social-cultural (environment/peer influences) | 33 | |
| 15642822127 | depressants | drugs (such as alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates) that reduce neural activity and slow body functions | 34 | |
| 15642776621 | dissocation | a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others | 35 | |
| 15642847984 | Methamphetamine | a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the CNS, with speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels | 36 | |
| 15642805306 | myth 1 of addiction | addictive drugs quickly corrupt | 37 | |
| 15642797441 | addiction | compulsive drug craving and use, despite adverse consequences | 38 | |
| 15642794942 | psychological dependence | a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions | 39 | |
| 15642842507 | stimulants | Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and the more powerful amphetamines, cocaine, and Ecstasy) that excite neural activity and speed up body functions. | 40 | |
| 15642854377 | Hallucinogens | psychedelic drugs (LSD, THC) that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input | 41 | |
| 15642847955 | Amphetamines | drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded-up body functions and associated energy and mood changes | 42 | |
| 15642791565 | physical dependence | a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the drug is discontinued | 43 | |
| 15705294329 | biological factors that contribute to drug use | heredity, inherited personality characteristics, genes | 44 | |
| 15705307657 | psychological and cultural influences to drug use | depression, few job related skills, perceived risk, stress, cultural groups, peers, acceptance from peers | 45 | |
| 15705345552 | manifest content | according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream | 46 | |
| 15705347873 | latent content | according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream | 47 | |
| 15705353501 | activation synthesis | REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories | 48 | |
| 15705359332 | cognitive development | dream content reflects dreamers' cognitive development- their knowledge and understanding | 49 | |
| 15705374675 | information processing | dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories | 50 | |
| 15705378807 | physiological function | stimulation may help to develop and preserve neural pathways | 51 |