AP Bio Cells Flashcards
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| 16045042603 | Osmosis | Diffusion of water across a membrane through the lipid bilayer |  | 0 |
| 16045042604 | Hypertonic | Having greater concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell shrinks. |  | 1 |
| 16045042605 | Hypotonic | Having a lower concentration of solute inside than the solution outside. Cell Expands. |  | 2 |
| 16045042606 | Isotonic | Having an equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell. Ideal (perfect) conditions. Cell remains normal. |  | 3 |
| 16045042662 | Vacuole | Storage vesicle for water, food, wastes other substances. 1 large vacuole in plants, many small vacuoles in animals. |  | 4 |
| 16045042663 | Nucleus | Controls all cell activities and protein production. Contains the DNA and nucleolus. |  | 5 |
| 16045042664 | Cytoplasm/Cytosol | Cell liquid in which chemical reactions occur. Holds and cushions the organelles. |  | 6 |
| 16045042665 | Mitochondria | Converts glucose into ATP (energy a cell can use) in the process of cellular respiration. |  | 7 |
| 16045042666 | Cell/Plasma/Lipid Membrane | A double-layered lipid membrane that surrounds the cell. Regulates what enters and leaves the cell. |  | 8 |
| 16045042667 | Cell Wall | Rigid external layer of a plant cell (cellulose), bacteria (glycoproteins), or fungi (chitin) that is outside the cell membrane. |  | 9 |
| 16045042668 | Chloroplast | Converts light energy into glucose in the process of photosynthesis. Contains chlorophyll giving plants their green color. |  | 10 |
| 16045042607 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | Passageways where compounds are manufactured, processed, and transported. |  | 11 |
| 16045042608 | Golgi Apparatus/Body/Complex | Collects, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids made by the E.R. |  | 12 |
| 16045042609 | Prokaryote | Unicellular. Lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes. |  | 13 |
| 16045042610 | Eukaryote | Unicellular or multicellular. Contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Has ribosomes. |  | 14 |
| 16045042611 | Diffusion | The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |  | 15 |
| 16045042612 | Equilibrium / Homeostasis | A state of balance in which there is little or no total change. |  | 16 |
| 16045042613 | Lysosome | Contains digestive enzymes to breakdown food and wastes. Involved in apoptosis. |  | 17 |
| 16045042614 | Nucleolus | Synthesizes ribosomes. Found in the nucleus. |  | 18 |
| 16045042615 | Vesicle | Small package of nutrients, proteins, wastes, or water created by the golgi. |  | 19 |
| 16045042669 | Cell | The basic unit of all living things. The smallest unit of life. |  | 20 |
| 16045042670 | Organism | A complete living thing |  | 21 |
| 16045042671 | Ribosome | Synthesizes proteins. Mostly found on the rough E.R. but can also be in the cytoplasm. |  | 22 |
| 16045042672 | Tissue | A collection of similar cells that perform a specific job. |  | 23 |
| 16045042673 | Unicellular | Made of a single cell |  | 24 |
| 16045042674 | Multi-cellular | Made of more than one cell. |  | 25 |
| 16045042616 | Nuclear membrane/envelope | Surrounds the nucleolus and DNA. Controls what enters and leaves the nucleus. |  | 26 |
| 16045042617 | Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum | Synthesizes lipids for use in the cell membrane and other parts of the cell. |  | 27 |
| 16045042618 | Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum | Contains most of the cells ribosomes which synthesize proteins. |  | 28 |
| 16045042619 | Organelle | "Little organs" that make up the cell working together for the survival and function of the cell. |  | 29 |
| 16045042620 | Unicellular | Made of 1 cell. |  | 30 |
| 16045042621 | Cilia | Small hairs on a cells surface that wave back and forth allowing the cell to move. |  | 31 |
| 16045042622 | Flagella | A whip-like structure on a cell that 'whips' back and forth allowing the cell to move (e.g. sperm cell). |  | 32 |
| 16045042623 | Active Transport | Movement of particles from low to high concentration across the membrane that requires energy (ATP). |  | 33 |
| 16045042624 | Passive Transport | Movement of particles from high to low concentration across the membrane (no energy needed). |  | 34 |
| 16045042625 | Facilitated Diffusion | Passive transport through the membrane with the use of protein channels. Some channels are specific while others are not. |  | 35 |
| 16045042626 | Centriole | Helps align chromosomes during cell division (animal cells only). |  | 36 |
| 16045042627 | Microtubules/Microfilaments | Small, thin proteins that help support and give structure to a cell. A cells cytoskeleton. |  | 37 |
| 16045042628 | Cyto- | Prefix meaning cell. |  | 38 |
| 16045042629 | Phospholipid Membrane | Cell membrane composed of phospholipids, proteins (transport), cholesterol, and aquaporins.. |  | 39 |
| 16045042630 | Pore | A small opening (hole) to allow materials to pass in and out of an area. |  | 40 |
| 16045042631 | Passive | No energy needed to allow material passage. |  | 41 |
| 16045042632 | Aquaporin | Protein channels in the cell membrane that allow for quick water passage. |  | 42 |
| 16045042633 | Hydrophilic | Attracted to water. |  | 43 |
| 16045042634 | Hydrophobic | Repelled by water. |  | 44 |
| 16045042635 | Plant Cell | 1 large vacuole. Chloroplasts Cell wall (cellulose) | | 45 |
| 16045042636 | Animal Cell | Many small vacuoles Cell membrane only Centrioles Lysosomes |  | 46 |
| 16045042637 | Phospholipid | Makes up the cell membrane. Composed of a phosphate 'head' (hydrophilic) and 2 fatty acid 'tails' (hydrophobic). |  | 47 |
| 16045042638 | Semi-permeable | Allows some materials (not all) to pass through. |  | 48 |
| 16045042639 | Selective permeability | The ability to decide which particles enter and leave a cell. |  | 49 |
| 16045042640 | Cholesterol | Stiff sterol lipid in the cell membrane that provides strength and rigidity. |  | 50 |
| 16045042641 | Concentration | The amount of dissolved solute in a solvent. Usually expressed as a percent. |  | 51 |
| 16045042642 | Solution | Solute + solvent |  | 52 |
| 16045042643 | Solute | Particles dissolved in a liquid (solvent) |  | 53 |
| 16045042644 | Solvent | A liquid particles (solute) are dissolved in |  | 54 |
| 16045042645 | Permeability | How well a substance can pass through something. | | 55 |
| 16045042646 | [cyto]Lysis | Cell bursting (exploding) |  | 56 |
| 16045042647 | Plasmolysis | Cell shrinking |  | 57 |
| 16045042648 | Endocytosis | Taking things in from the surrounding environment by creating a vesicle. |  | 58 |
| 16045042649 | Exocytosis | Getting rid of wastes into the surrounding environment by expelling a vesicle. |  | 59 |
| 16045042650 | Pinocytosis | Taking in water from the environment via endocytosis. Cell drinking. |  | 60 |
| 16045042651 | Phagocytosis | Taking in food from the environment via endocytosis. Cell eating. |  | 61 |
| 16045042652 | Osmotic solution | The solution outside a cell. |  | 62 |
| 16045042653 | Hyper- | Above, over, a lot |  | 63 |
| 16045042654 | Hypo- | Under, low, a few, a little |  | 64 |
| 16045042655 | Iso- | Even, equal |  | 65 |
| 16045042656 | What can pass through the cell membrane? | Non-polar & uncharged molecules because of the hydrophobic tails. | 66 | |
| 16045042657 | What cannot pass through the cell membrane? | Polar & charged molecules/ions. Water, sugars, amino acids, proteins, nucleic acids and ions | 67 | |
| 16045042658 | sodium-potassium pump | A transport protein in the plasma membrane of animal cells that actively transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. | 68 | |
| 16045042659 | How do polar and charged molecules cross the membrane? | Through transport proteins! |  | 69 |
| 16045042660 | endosymbiotic theory | theory that eukaryotic cells formed from a symbiosis among several different prokaryotic organisms | 70 | |
| 16045042661 | endosymbiotic theory evidence | -Mitochondria and chloroplast have 2 membranes -Mitochondria have their own circular DNA, similar to bacteria -Mitochondria are close to the same size as bacteria |  | 71 |