AP Biology Cell Membrane Flashcards

Cell membrane structure and functions

13666565594	Selective Permeability	Allows some substances to cross more easily than others	0
13666565595	Amphipathic	molecule that has both a hydrophillic region and a hydrophobic region such as a phosopholipid	1
13666565596	phospholipid bilayer	a double layer of phospholipids that makes up plasma membranes	2
13666565597	Integral Proteins	Proteins that extend through the phospholipid bilayer.	3
13666565598	Peripheral Proteins	A protein loosely attached to the surface of a membrane	4
13666565599	Glycoproteins	proteins that have carbohydrates covalently bonded to them	5
13666565600	cholesterol	steroid present in the plasma membranes of animal cells. A large amount of this in a phospholipid bilayer at High Temperatures reduces membrane fluidity, but at Lower Temperature prevents the membrane from solidifying.	6
13666565601	Concentration Gradient	a difference in the concentration of a substance across a space	7
13666565602	Diffusion	the movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration, so that they spread out evenly reaching equilibrium	8
13666565603	Osmosis	The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane	9
13666565604	Transport Proteins	proteins that help to transport substances across cell membranes	10
13666565605	Aquaporins	Channel proteins that help massive amount of water pass through the membrane; a lot in our kidneys	11
13666565606	Passive Transport	movement of materials through a cell membrane without using energy	12
13666565607	Isotonic	a solution whose solute concentration equals that inside a cell; the cell will not change	13
13666565608	Hypertonic	the solution with the greater concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; the cell will lose water to its environment--> Cell will shrivel up	14
13666565609	Hypotonic	the solution with the lower concentration of solutes than that inside the cell; water will enter the cell -> Cell will swell and burst	15
13666565611	Turgid	Very firm (healthy state), especially for plant cells	16
13666565612	Plasmolysis	As a plant cell shrivels its plasma membrane pulls away from the wall	17
13666565613	Facilitated Diffusion	passive transport of ions or polar molecules across a plasma membrane by transport proteins	18
13666565614	Active Transport	transport of a substance through a cell membrane against the concentration gradient; requires energy	19
13666565615	Sodium-Potassium Pump	a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell	20
13666565616	Exocytosis	process by which a cell releases large amounts of material by vesicles	21
13666565617	Endocytosis	the movement of a substance into a cell by a vesicle	22
13666565618	Phagocytosis	a type of endocytosis in which microbes are taken in by immune cells of animals (mainly by macrophages)	23
13666565619	Pinocytosis	cellular drinking	24