AP Exam APES: Population Flashcards
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| 13809577313 | population | A group of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area | 0 | |
| 13809577315 | population size | the number of individuals inhabiting a given geographical area | 1 | |
| 13809587679 | birth, immigration | ways population size increases | 2 | |
| 13809587680 | death, emigration | ways population size decreases | 3 | |
| 13809592581 | population density | the number of individuals per unit area | 4 | |
| 13809596475 | population growth | the change in population size over time | 5 | |
| 13809600517 | demographics | parameters that affect growth (known as vital statistics) including age structure, sex ratio (ratio of males to females), and death rate | 6 | |
| 13809600518 | life history | traits that affect an organism's schedule of reproduction and survival, for example, how many offspring are produced per reproductive effort (humans: one on average; mice: twelve on average), or lifespan. | 7 | |
| 13809654365 | carrying capacity | Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support | 8 | |
| 13809660660 | logistic growth | Growth pattern in which a population's growth rate slows or stops following a period of exponential growth |  | 9 |
| 13809663311 | exponential growth | Growth pattern in which the individuals in a population reproduce at a constant rate |  | 10 |
| 13809694919 | survivorship curve | Graph showing the number of survivors in different age groups for a particular species. |  | 11 |
| 13809699465 | type 1 survivorship | low death rate early and through midlife, followed by a sudden increase in old age (humans) | 12 | |
| 13809708922 | type 2 survivorship | steady death rate across all age groups (this is typical of songbirds, which have as good a chance of dying at any point in life); | 13 | |
| 13809712647 | type 3 survivorship | high death rate in early life stages, with a sharp decrease in late age groups (amphibians) | 14 | |
| 13809737036 | China, India, US | most populated countries | 15 | |
| 13809741198 | Asia, Africa, Europe | most populous continents | 16 | |
| 13809744367 | crude birth rate | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 17 | |
| 13809747317 | total fertility rate | an estimate of the average number of children a woman will have throughout her life | 18 | |
| 13809751809 | Replacement level fertility | the number of children a couple must have to replace themselves | 19 | |
| 13809755279 | 2.1 | replacement level fertility in developed countries | 20 | |
| 13809758597 | 2.5 | replacement level fertility in developing countries | 21 | |
| 13809815057 | pre-industrial stage | little growth because of difficult living conditions such as poor nutrition, sanitation, and healthcare, and both birth and death rates are high | 22 | |
| 13809818445 | transitional state | industrialization begins, health care and sanitation improves, and death rates drop, but birth rates stay high (developing) | 23 | |
| 13809825605 | industrial state | birth rates drop, slowing down population growth (developed) | 24 | |
| 13809829617 | post-industrial state | as birth rates decline further, population growth is practically non-existent, so the population size might start decreasing (developed) | 25 | |
| 13809839811 | age structure | number of males and females of each age in a population | 26 | |
| 13809843238 | rapid, slow, no, negative | stages of age structure pyramid | 27 |