Campbell Biology Chapter 24 Flashcards

9697726453	Speciation	The origin of new species	0
9697726454	Microevolution	Changes in allele frequency in a population over time	1
9697726455	Macroevolution	Broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level	2
9697726456	Biological Species Concept	A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring	3
9697726457	Reproductive isolation	Barriers impede two species from producing viable, fertile offspring	4
9697726458	Hybrids	Offspring of crosses between different species	5
9697726459	Prezygotic Barriers	Before sperm fertilizes egg	6
9697726460	Habitat isolation	Two species encounter each other rarely, or not at all, because they occupy different habitats, even though not isolated by physical barriers	7
9697726461	Temporal isolation	Species that breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix their gametes	8
9697726462	Behavioral isolation	Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers	9
9697726463	Mechanical isolation	Morphological differences can prevent successful mating	10
9697726464	Gametic Isolation	Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species	11
9697726465	Postzygotic barriers	Inviability of offspring created after fertilization	12
9697726466	Reduced hybrid viability	Fertilized eggs fail to develop	13
9697726467	Reduced hybrid fertility	Even if hybrids are vigorous, they may be sterile	14
9697726468	Hybrid breakdown	Some first-generation hybrids are fertile, but when they mate with another species or with either parent species, offspring of the next generation are feeble or sterile	15
9697726469	Morphological Species Concept	Defines a species by structural features	16
9697726470	Ecological Species Concept	Views a species in terms of its ecological niche	17
9697726471	Phylogenetic species concept	Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals on a phylogenetic tree	18
9697726472	Allopatric Speciation	Physical barrier separates a population; form of speciation	19
9697726473	Sympatric Speciation	No barrier separates a population; form of speciation	20
9697726474	Polyploidy	Possessing more than 2 sets of chromosomes; occurs most often in plants and decreases gene flow between polyploids and normal individuals	21
9697726475	Autopolyploidy	Mutations that result in doubling of chromosome numbers as a result of non-disjunction in meiosis	22
9697726476	Allopolyploidy	Mating between different species produces polyploid individuals; the hybrid has an error in meiosis which doubles chromosomes, creating 2 diploid gametes which may be viable	23
9697726477	Hybrid Zone	Place where the ranges of two species overlap and they mate to produce hybrids	24
9697726478	Reinforcement	Strengthening of barriers	25
9697726479	Fusion	Weakening of barriers	26
9697726480	Stability	Odd stasis of statis quo; though hybrids aren't healthy, they continue to be created	27
9697726481	Punctuated Equilibrium	Periods of apparent stasis interrupted by sudden change; supported by fossil evidence	28
9697726482	Gradualism	Slow, steady change of organisms to new species	29