Campbell Biology Chapter 24 Flashcards

8782132600	Speciation	The origin of new species	0
8782132601	Macroevolution	Broad patterns of evolutionary change above the species level	1
8782132602	Biological Species Concept	A group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring	2
8782132603	Reproductive isolation	Barriers impede two species from producing viable, fertile offspring	3
8782132604	Hybrids	Offspring of crosses between different species	4
8782132605	Prezygotic Barriers	Before sperm fertilizes egg	5
8782132606	Habitat isolation	Two species encounter each other rarely, or not at all, because they occupy different habitats, even though not isolated by physical barriers	6
8782132607	Temporal isolation	Species that breed at different times of the day, different seasons, or different years cannot mix their gametes	7
8782132608	Behavioral isolation	Courtship rituals and other behaviors unique to a species are effective barriers	8
8782132609	Mechanical isolation	Morphological differences can prevent successful mating	9
8782132610	Gametic Isolation	Sperm of one species may not be able to fertilize eggs of another species	10
8782132611	Postzygotic barriers	Inviability of offspring created after fertilization	11
8782132612	Reduced hybrid viability	Fertilized eggs fail to develop	12
8782132613	Reduced hybrid fertility	Even if hybrids are vigorous, they may be sterile	13
8782132614	Hybrid breakdown	Some first-generation hybrids are fertile, but when they mate with another species or with either parent species, offspring of the next generation are feeble or sterile	14
8782132615	Morphological Species Concept	Defines a species by structural features	15
8782132616	Ecological Species Concept	Views a species in terms of its ecological niche	16
8782132617	Phylogenetic species concept	Defines a species as the smallest group of individuals on a phylogenetic tree	17
8782132618	Allopatric Speciation	Physical barrier separates a population; form of speciation	18
8782132619	Sympatric Speciation	No barrier separates a population; form of speciation	19
8782132620	Polyploidy	Possessing more than 2 sets of chromosomes; occurs most often in plants and decreases gene flow between polyploids and normal individuals	20
8782132621	Autopolyploidy	Mutations that result in doubling of chromosome numbers as a result of non-disjunction in meiosis	21
8782132622	Allopolyploidy	Mating between different species produces polyploid individuals; the hybrid has an error in meiosis which doubles chromosomes, creating 2 diploid gametes which may be viable	22
8782132623	Hybrid Zone	Place where the ranges of two species overlap and they mate to produce hybrids	23
8782132624	Reinforcement	Strengthening of barriers	24
8782132625	Fusion	Weakening of barriers	25
8782132626	Stability	Odd stasis of statis quo; though hybrids aren't healthy, they continue to be created	26
8782132627	Punctuated Equilibrium	Periods of apparent stasis interrupted by sudden change; supported by fossil evidence	27
8782132628	Gradualism	Slow, steady change of organisms to new species	28