AP Review - #1 Flashcards

13519976030	Thomas Hobbes	wrote "Leviathan" and believed people were naturally cruel, greedy, and selfish; he also believed only a powerful government could keep an orderly society	0
13520022193	State of Nature	a hypothetical condition in which there is no government	1
13520031843	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property. -social contract theory	2
13520042491	4 theories of the origin of the state	1) Force Theory: idea that early govs were a result of one person or small group claiming control over an area and forced those on it to submit to their rule 2) Evolutionary Theory: idea that state developed naturally out of the early family. Primitive fam of which 1 person was the head of 3) Divine Right Theory: the right to rule derives from God --> Kings 4) Social Contract Theory: state arose out of a voluntary act by free people	3
13520094631	demagogue	a leader who seeks support by appealing to popular passions rather than rational argument	4
13520116040	Jean-Jacques Rousseau	A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy. Social Contract	5
13520129389	Utilitarianism	idea that the goal of society should be to bring about the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people	6
13520132260	John Stuart Mill	Arguably the most famous English philosopher and politician of the 1800s. Champion of liberty over unlimited state control. Also famous for adding falsification as a key component of the scientific method.	7
13520141665	Hobbes vs Locke	Compare: Both agree that original state of humankind is STATE OF NATURE and rulership is SOCIAL CONTRACT not divine right. Contrast: Hobbes- Government protects us from ourselves, sovereignty with the monarch, no government power limit, and no right to revolution. Locke- Government to protect natural rights, sovereignty resides with the people, power can be limited and they have right of revolution.	8
13520150863	Popular Sovereignty	A government in which the people rule by their own consent.	9
13520156984	4 Components of a State	1. population- small or large, not necessarily homogeneous 2. territory- known and recognized boundaries 3- sovereignty 4. gov't- way a state exerts its will and accomplishes its goals	10
13520168912	3 Major Powers of Government	1) Legislative: Make Laws 2)Executive: Enforce Laws 3) Judicial: Interpret Laws	11
13520204059	Aristocracy	A government in which power is in the hands of a hereditary ruling class or nobility	12
13520207399	plutocracy	government of the wealthy	13
13520211340	Corporatocracy	a system of government that serves the interests of corporations and that involves ties between government and business	14
13520222866	Presidential vs. Parliamentary Systems	presidential= executive and legislative chosen separately parliamentary=legislative chooses executive	15
13520231758	coalition government	When two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature. This form of government is quite common in the multiparty systems of Europe.	16
13520246595	Unitary Government	A government that gives all key powers to the national or central government. ex: Dr.Carcara	17
13520253528	Confederate Government	there are local and national governments. However, the local governments have the most power. -Central power has little power and answers to the local govs. ex: confederacy in US EU	18
13520279152	Federal Government	system that divides power of gov bt the national gov and state and local govs -each level of gov has sovereignty in some areas and shares powers in other areas	19