AP Language Flashcards

10190773835	Alliteration	The repetition of the same sound or letter at the beginning of consecutive words or syllables	0
10190787068	Allusion	An indirect reference, often to another text or historical event	1
10190798004	Analogy	An extended comparison between two seemingly dissimilar things	2
10191284821	Anaphora	The repetition of words at the beginning of successive clauses	3
10191287512	Anecdote	A short account of an interesting event	4
10191290343	Antecedent	The noun to which a later pronoun refers	5
10191291839	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast	6
10191309357	Antithesis	Parallel structure that juxtaposes contrasting ideas	7
10191313315	Aphorism	A short, astute statement of a general truth	8
10191325587	Appositive	A word or phrase that renames a nearby noun or pronoun	9
10191348988	Archaic diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language	10
10191360760	Assertion	An emphatic statement; declaration. An assertion supported by evidence becomes an argument	11
10191383038	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof	12
10191386606	Asyndeton	Leaving out conjunctions between words, phrases, clauses	13
10191390890	Attitude	The speaker's position on a subject as revealed through his or her tone	14
10191397939	Audience	One's listener or readership; those to whom a speech or piece of writing is addressed	15
10191401994	Authority	A reliable, respected source-someone with knowledge	16
10191405405	Bias	Prejudice or predisposition toward one side of a subject or issue	17
10191412473	Cite	Identifying a part of a piece of writing as being derived from a source	18
10191414277	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	19
10191432734	Close reading	A careful reading that is attentive to organization, figurative language, sentence structure, vocabulary, & other literary & structural elements of a text	20
10191443293	Colloquialism	An informal or conversational use of language	21
10191445285	Complex Sentence	A sentence that includes one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	22
10191456325	Concession	A reluctant acknowledgement or yielding	23
10191459223	Connotation	That which is implied by a word, as opposed to the word's literal meaning	24
10192318349	Context	Words, events, or circumstances that help determine meaning	25
10192322053	Coordination	Grammatical equivalence between parts of a sentence, often through a coordinating conjunction such as and, or but	26
10192323937	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument	27
10192332547	Cumulative sentence	An independent clause followed by subordinate clauses or phrases that supply additional detail	28
10192336575	Declarative sentence	A sentence that makes a statement	29
10192344884	Deduction	Reasoning from general to specific	30
10192348054	Denotation	The literal meaning of a word; its dictionary definition	31
10192353665	Diction	Word choice	32
10192354191	Documentation	Bibliographic information about the sources used in a piece of writing	33
10192355922	Elegiac	Mournful over what has passed or been lost; often used to describe tone	34
10208617330	Epigram	A brief witty statement	35
10208619914	Ethos	A Greek term referring to the character of a person; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	36
10208626317	Figurative language	The use of tropes or figures of speech;going beyond literal meaning to achieve literary effect	37
10208644357	Figure of speech	An expression that strives for literary effect rather than conveying a literal meaning	38
10208649409	Hyperbole	Exaggeration for the purpose of emphasis	39
10208652433	Imagery	Vivid use of language that evokes a reader's senses(sight, smell, taste, touch, hearing)	40
10208658152	Imperative sentence	A sentence that requests or demands	41
10208661682	Induction	Reasoning from specific to general	42
10208670893	Inversion	A sentence in which the verb precedes the subject	43
10208674772	Irony	A contradiction between what is said and what is meant; incongruity between action and result	44
10208680140	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things side by side for emphasis	45
10214236214	Logos	A Greek term that means "Word"; an appeal to logic; one of Aristotle's three rhetorical appeals	46
10214266436	Metaphor	A figure of speech or trope through which one thing is spoken of as though it were something else, thus making an implicit comparison	47
10214297444	Metonymy	Use of an aspect of something to represent the whole	48
10214309047	Occasion	An aspect of context; the cause or reason for writing	49
10216652913	Oxymoron	A figure of speech that combines tow contradictory terms	50
10216656280	Paradox	A statement that seems contradictory but is actually true	51
10216660164	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns	52
10216670233	Parody	A piece that imitates and exaggerates the prominent feature of another; used for comic effect or ridicule	53
10216680681	Pathos	A Greek term that refers to suffering but has come to be associated with broader appeals to emotion; one of Aristotole's three rhetorical appeals	54
10216692937	Persona	The speaker, voice, or character assumed by the author of a piece of writing	55
10216700984	Personification	Assigning lifelike characteristics to inanimate objects	56
10216705042	Polemic	An argument against an idea; usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion	57
10216710473	Polysyndeton	The deliberate use of a series of conjunctions	58
10216721742	Premise	Major, minor-Two parts of syllogism. The concluding sentence of a syllogism takes its predicate from the major premise and its subject from the minor premise. For example: Major: All mammals are warm blooded. Minor: All horses are mammals. Conclusion: All horses are warm-blooded	59
10216746048	Propaganda	A negative term for writing designed to sway opinion rather than present information	60
10216752724	Purpose	One's intention or objective in speech or piece of writing	61
10216757338	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument	62
10216766090	Rhetoric	The study of effective, persuasive language use; according to Aristotle, use of the "available means of persuasion"	63
10216779665	Rhetorical modes	Patterns of organization developed to achieve a specific purpose; modes include but are not limited to narration, description, comparison and contrast, cause and effect, definition, exemplification, classification and division, process analysis, and argumentation	64
10216801687	Rhetorical question	A question asked more to produce an effect than to summon an answer	65
10216813626	Rhetorical triangle	A diagram that represents a rhetorical situation as the relationship among the speaker , the subject, and the audience	66
10216819505	Satire	An ironic, sarcastic, or witty composition that claims to argue for something, but actually argues against it	67
10216827864	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect	68
10216836623	Sentence patterns	The arrangement of independent and dependent clauses into known sentence constructions- such as simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex	69
10223348905	Sentence Variety	Using a variety of sentence patterns to create a desired effect	70
10223353235	Simile	A figure of speech that uses "like" or "as" to compare two things	71
10223360162	Simple sentence	A statement containing a subject and predicate; an independent clause	72
10223363969	Source	A book, article, person, or other resource consulted for information	73
10223369565	Speaker	A term used for the author, speaker, or the person whose perspective (real or imagined) is being advanced in a speech or piece of writing	74
10223378119	Style	The distinctive quality of speech or writing created by the selection and arrangement of words and figures of speech	75
10223383976	Subject	In rhetoric, the topic addressed in a piece of writing	76
10223390301	Subordinate clause	Created by a subordinating conjunction, a clause that modifies an independent clause	77
10223393020	Subordination	The dependence of one syntactical element on another in a sentence	78
10223405390	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning in which the conclusion is supported by a major and minor premise	79
10224329994	Syntax	Sentence structure	80
10224336138	Synthesize	Combining or bringing together two or more elements to produce something more complex	81
10224342841	Tone	The speaker's attitude toward the subject or audience	82
10224350711	Trope	Artful diction; the use of language in a nonliteral way; also called a figure of speech	83
10224359071	Understatement	Lack of emphasis in a statement or point; restraint in language often used for ironic effect	84
10224366375	Voice	In grammar, a term for the relationship between a verb and a noun (active or passive voice). In rhetoric, a distinctive quality in the style and tone of writing	85
10224371904	Zeugma	A construction in which one word (usually a verb) modifies or governs—often in different, sometimes incongruent ways—two or more words in a sentence	86