AP US History Chapter 11 Flashcards

15183297221	individualism	Word coined by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1835 to describe Americans as people no longer bound by social attachments to classes, castes, associations, and family. The result of rapid economic growth and geographical expansion weakening traditional institutions, forcing individuals to fend for themselves Ralph Waldo Emerson supported it	0
15183297222	American Renaissance	A literary explosion during the 1840s inspired in part by Emerson's ideas on the liberation of the individual.	1
15183297223	transcendentalism	philosophy that emphasized the truth to be found in nature and intuition Emerson (a Utarian) was the leading voice of this movement An intellectual movement rooted in the religious soil of New England	2
15183297224	utopias	Communities founded by reformers and transcendentalists to help realize their spiritual and moral potential and to escape from the competition of modern industrial society. Between 1820- 1860 peeps grew tired of market society and lives NorthEast or Midwest = made these : allowed people to live differently and realize their spiritual potential They were symbols of social protest and experimentation	3
15183297225	socialism	a system of social and economic organization based on the common ownership of goods or state control of the government Members would work for the community, in cooperative groups called phalanxes They saw the phalanxes as humane system that would liberalize men and women	4
15183297226	perfectionism	Christian movement of the 1830s that believed people could achieve moral perfection in their earthly lives because the Second Coming of Christ had already occurred. An evangelical Protestant movement of the 1830s that attracted 1000s of New Englanders who had migrated to NY and Ohio They believe that Christ had already returned to earth (the Second Coming) so therefore people aspire to perfect sinlessness	5
15183297227	Mormonism	The religious beliefs and practices of members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, founded in 1830 by Joseph Smith. emerged from religious ferment among families of Puritan descent who lived along the Erie Canal and who were the heirs to a religious tradition that believed in a world of wonders, supernatural powers and vision of the divine	6
15183297228	minstrelsy	Popular theatrical entertainment that began around 1830 in which white performers in blackface performed comic routines that combined racist caricature and social criticism. Most famous was John Dartmouth Rice	7
15183297229	abolitionism	The social reform movement to end slavery and the slave trade that began in the 1830s. This crusade drew in the enthusiasm of the Second great awakening Around 1800 anti- slavery activist had assailed human bondage as contrary to republicanism and liberty, three decades later, white abolitionist condemned slavery as a sin and demanded immediate , uncompensated emancipation	8
15183297230	Underground Railroad	Informal network of whites and free blacks that helped runaway slaves escape from the South and to reach freedom in the North. Harriet Tubman and others risk reenslavement or death by helping slaves in the south to the north.	9
15183297231	amalgamation	A term for racial mixing and intermarriage, almost universally opposed by whites in the 19th century U.S.	10
15183297232	gag rule	A procedural rule passed in the House of Representatives that prevented the discussion of antislavery petitions from 1836 to 1844. Under this agreement, which remained in force until 1844, the House automatically tabled antislavery petitions, keeping the explosive issue of slavery off the congressional stage	11
15183297233	separate sphere	Term used by historians to describe the 19th century view that men should dominate the public sphere of politics and economics and women should manage the private sphere of home and family.	12
15183297234	domestic slavery	A term referring to the assertion by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and other female abolitionists that traditional gender roles and legal restrictions created a form of slavery for married women.	13
15183297235	married women's property laws	Laws enacted between 1839 and 1860 in some states that permitted married women to own, inherit, and bequeath property. Enacted in Mississippi, Maine, and Massachusetts	14
15183297236	Seneca Falls Convention	(1848) the first national women's rights convention at which the Declaration of Sentiments was written Issued a rousing manifesto extending to women the egalitarian republic ideology of the Declaration of Independence Put together by Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Lucretia Mott - gathered at a small NY town - Seneca Falls	15
15183297237	Ralph Waldo Emerson	American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. In " THE AMERICAN SCHOLAR" (1837) He urged American authors to free themselves from the courtly muse of Old Europe and find inspiration in expierences in America Appealed to middle class cuz he celebrate self-discipline and civic responsibility His view that nature was saturated by the presence of God encouraged Boston to create the MOUNT AUBURN CEMETERY	16
15183297238	Henry David Thoreau	American transcendentalist who wrote Walden. 1845- depressed by his brothers death, he built a cabin near Walden Pond in Concord, live there alone for 2yrs 1854 he published Walden or Life in the Woods,an account of his search for meaning beyond the artificiality of civilized society Urged readers to peacefully resist unjust laws	17
15183297239	Margaret Fuller	Edited a transcendentalist journal, "The Dial" and took part in the struggle to bring unity and republican government to Italy. Died in a Shipwreck off New York's Fire Island while returning to the United States in 1850 Explored the possibility of freedom for women Born into a wealthy Bostin family, Fuller master six languages and read broadly in classic literature Embracing Emerson's ideas, she started a transcendental "conversation" or discussion group, for educated Boston women in 1839 While she was editing The Dial, she published Woman in the Nineteenth Century (1844) Believed that all people could develop a life-affirming mystical relationship with God = therefore women deserve independence Became literary critic of the NY Tribune and travelled to Italy to report in the Revolution of 1848 and drowned in a shipwreck on the way home	18
15183297240	Walt Whitman	American poet and transcendentalist who wrote Leaves of Grass. Worked as a printer, teacher, journalist and editor of Brooklyn Eagle A collection of poems; Published in 1855 For Him the collective democracy assumed a sacred character	19
15183297241	Herman Melville	Critic of transcendentalism Moby Dick (1851) Captain Ahab's hunt for a white while ends in his death and everyone but one member of his crew This book was a commercial failure Readers not into the dark stuff	20
15183297242	Nat Turner	United States slave and insurrectionist who in 1831 led a rebellion of slaves in Virgini, he claimed that divine inspiration had led him to end the slavery system. As a child he taught himself how to read and had hoped to be emancipated but one master forced him to work in the field and another seperate him from his wife He died by hanging	21
15183297243	William Lloyd Garrrison	Abolitionist, printer Massachusetts born printer, he had worked during the 1820s in Baltimore on an antislavery newspaper the GENIUS OF UNIVERSAL EMANCIPATION 1830, he went to jail, convicted of libeling a New England merchant engaged in the domestic slave trade 1831 he moved to Boston where he immediately started his own weekly, THE LIBERATOR and founded the New England Anti- Slavery Society	22
15183297244	Dorothea Dix	person responsible for creating homes for the mentally ill and reforming the prison system in the U.S. Was emotionally abused as a child she grew into a compassionate young women with a strong sense of moral purpose Used her grandparents Money to set up charity schools 1832 she published 7 books including CONVERSATIONS ON COMMON THINGS 1841 persuaded Mass. to enlarge state hospitals to house indigent mental patients	23
15183297245	Elizabeth Cady Stanton	(1815-1902) A suffragette who, with Lucretia Mott, organized the first convention on women's rights, held in Seneca Falls, New York in 1848. Issued the DECLARATION OF SENTIMENTS which declared men and women to be equal and demanded the right to vote for women.	24
15183297246	Susan B. Anthony	Key leader of woman suffrage movement, social reformer who campaigned for womens rights, the temperance, and was an abolitionist, helped form the National Woman Suffrage Assosiation Created an activist network of political "captains" all women, who relentlessly lobbied state legislatures 1860 her efforts secured a NY law granting women the right to control their own wages (fathers and husband used to manage that), to own property acquired by business, labors, or services; and if widowed to assume sole guardianship of their kids	25