ap hugh Flashcards

13631530368	primary	extracts or takes raw material from earth	0
13671947219	primary example	agriculture and mining	1
13671953341	primary collar	red necks	2
13671953378	secondary	processing raw material into finished products which add more value	3
13671969127	secondary example	factories and manufacturing	4
13671971446	secondary collar	blue collar	5
13671978800	Tertiary	low skill services	6
13671991142	tertiary example	cashier and hair dresser	7
13672006027	quaternary	manipulate information or data to perform a task. Requires lot of training.	8
13672021606	quaternary example	manager or retail store, computer programmer, and doctor	9
13672028426	quinary	highest level services. manage global economy	10
13672054808	quinary examples	CEO of Tesla or inventor of medicine	11
13672072771	quinary collar	gold collor	12
13672077976	Quaternary collar	white collar	13
13672087651	agrarian	a society based on agriculture	14
13672091486	irrigation	A way of supplying water to an area of land	15
13672096933	B.C., A.D., B.C.E., C.E.	Time Periods (Before Christ Anno Domini Before Common Era Common Era)	16
13672101944	Neolithic	New Stone Age, use agriculture (8000-30000 BCE)	17
13672111706	Revolution	a huge change	18
13672115960	Domestication	the taming of animals and plants through selective breeding. for human use, such as work or as food	19
13672127154	civilization	A society with cities	20
13672132179	Colombian Exchange	The exchange of agricultural products between Europe and America	21
13672157341	Pleistocene Overkill	over hunting of plants and animals	22
13672174334	Pleistocene Overkill time period	hunter gathers	23
13672178451	Colombian Exchange time period	1492	24
13672207491	Paleolithic time period	dawn of humanity -9000 BCE	25
13672214408	Mesolithic time period	9000-8000 BCE	26
13672222287	Agricultural Revolution time period	domestication time	27
13672232686	Neolithic time period	8000-3200 BCE	28
13672248713	Civilization, domestication, irrigation, and agrarian time period	before year 0	29
13672259264	Substance agriculture	a type of farming in which farmers grow just enough food to provide for themselves and their families	30
13672261532	soil exhaustion	a condition in which soil has lost nutrients and becomes nearly useless for farming	31
13672264711	types of soil exhaustion	extensive and intensive	32
13672273377	extensive agriculture	An agricultural system characterized by low inputs of labor per unit land area.	33
13672276439	intensive agriculture	any agricultural system involving the application of large amounts of capital and/or labor per unit of cultivated land; may be part of either subsistence or commercial economy	34
13672280589	spectrum	extensive and intensive . label ranching, wheat and rice	35
13672311478	Commerical Agriculture	Agriculture undertaken primarily to generate products for sale off the farm.	36
13672325421	if a family needs 1,000,000 calories per year to survive, how much land do they need for extensive and intensive?	in. 20,000 ex. 200,000	37
13672337696	climates for extensive	tropical, deserts, grasslands, and artic	38
13672352622	types of extensive agriculture	ranching/somatic herding or slash and burn	39
13672370690	intensive agriculture climate	temperature climate (warm/wet)	40
13672385144	example of intensive	temperate (R.I.C.E)	41
13672398912	economic cost of contract farming	lots of money for pesticides	42
13672406659	environmental cost of contract farming	the pesticides run off into water and fish are hurt by it	43
13672421604	Von Thunen Model	An agricultural model that spatially describes agricultural activity in terms of rent. Activities that require intensive cultivation and cannot be transported over great distances pay higher rent to be close to the market. Conversely, activities that are more extensive , with goods that are easy to transport, are located farther from the market where rent is less.	44
13672433815	variable that causes rent to increase or decrease in Von Thunen Model	transportation	45
13672439208	1st Agricultural Revolution	8000-3200 BCE, nomadic revolution, domestication of plants and animals, labor became specialized, promoted settling and civilization	46
13672460851	2nd Agricultural Revolution	1750-1930's, industrial revolution, machines for farming, less need for labor, rural to urban migration	47
13672478891	3rd agricultural revolution	1945-now, fertilization and pesticides and GMO's, Quaternary labor, polluted water/earth, and more food	48
13672493885	food desert	An area in a developed country where healthy food is difficult to obtain	49
13672499017	pesticides and fertilizers bad why?	full of estrogens	50
13672506785	Monoculture	farming strategy in which large fields are planted with a single crop, year after year	51
13672509287	Mediterranean agriculture	- crops grapes, fruits, veggies, almonds, ect - good climate -high land value (intensive) - California, Chile, South Africa, Australia, Mediterranean	52
13672529263	Plantation crops	-intensive - slavery - bad work conditions - developing and tropical - bad for developing because high prices	53
13672541787	Ethanol production	intensive and start in developing and goes to developed	54
13672559504	Enclosure Movement	The process of consolidating small landholdings into a smaller number of larger farms in England during the eighteenth century.	55
13672562548	cottage industry	Manufacturing based in homes rather than in a factory, commonly found before the Industrial Revolution.	56
13672564412	Wallenstein's World System model		57
13672576419	Unions	An association of workers, formed to bargain for better working conditions and higher wages.	58
13672578567	Deindustrialization	region loses factories jobs	59
13672582304	Rust Belt to Sun Belt	Rust belt is states that work manufacturing jobs, Sun belt is more service industry jobs	60
13672587670	Silicon Valley	originally referring to the concentration of silicon chip innovators and manufacturers, but eventually referring to the concentration of all types of high-tech businesses	61
13672598185	la frontera and maquiladoras	a factory on the U.S. Mexican border	62
13672624668	NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)	Allows open trade between the US, Mexico, and Canada.	63
13672633359	czarism and soviet 5 year plans	everything got better because of the government	64
13672647676	Asian Tigers	Collective name for South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore-nations that became economic powers in the 1970s and 1980s.	65
13672651810	authoritarian capitalism	government has control over economy	66
13672657494	labor should be	cheep, plentiful, skilled, and flexible	67
13672668881	Market Orientation	The tendency of an economic activity to locate close to its market; a reflection of large and variable distribution costs. BULKY	68
13672672504	material orientation	The tendency of an economic activity to locate near or at its source of raw material; this is experienced when material costs are highly variable spatially and/or represent a significant share of total costs. LOSES WEIGHT	69
13672675033	ubiquitous	present or existing everywhere	70
13672676707	footloose	A business is able to locate anywhere it chooses	71
13672680881	Agglomeration	Grouping together of many firms from the same industry in a single area for collective or cooperative use of infrastructure and sharing of labor resources.	72
13672686169	comparative advantage	the ability to produce a good at a lower opportunity cost than another producer	73
13672686170	Outsourcing	A decision by a corporation to turn over much of the responsibility for production to independent suppliers.	74
13672690993	Imposed Considerations	considering laws and politics	75
13672697257	Weberian analysis	transportation cost is most important	76
13672704336	Hotelling's Model	compact directly w/ each other by price and quality	77
13672710656	Fordism	buy in bulk	78
13672720026	just-in-time production	one little thing and factories are very close to everything	79
13672733146	Tariff	A tax on imported goods	80
13672735085	tariff benefits	-Protect domestic firms from competitors -Generate income for the government	81
13672735086	tariff costs	-makes countries not wanna trade - goods are more expensive	82
13672748681	GPD	Gross Domestic Product	83
13672748682	GPD per capita	output per person	84
13672755230	1st world countries	developed	85
13672757577	Enviornmental Determinism	The belief that physical environment determines potential for societal development.	86
13672760582	Overpopulation	The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living.	87
13672763956	developed country	A country that has progressed relatively far along a continuum of development.	88
13672796184	Millenium Development Goals (MDGs)	The UN's creation of eight goals for economic development and social progress in 2000. Members agreed to reach the goals by 2015. 1. Eliminate extreme poverty 2. Guarantee universal education 3. Promote equality for women 4. Reduce child mortality rates 5. Better maternal health services and reduction of maternal mortality rate 6. Reduce spread snd improve treatment for HIV/AIDS and other diseases 7. Environmentally sustainable development 8. Global development partnerships among member nations	89
13672808283	internet penetration	the percentage of a given country that has Internet access	90
13672851042	energy consumption per capita	amount of energy consumed per person	91
13672874327	workforce composition	percent of people employed in farming (g) , industry (r), and services(b)	92
13672894302	purchasing power	the ability to purchase goods and services	93
13672920505	Literacy Rate	The percentage of a country's people who can read and write.	94
13672924691	Public Services	Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses.	95
13672928146	problems in refugee camps	no sewage systems	96
13672931098	infant mortality rate	The percentage of children who die before their first birthday within a particular area or country.	97
13672945501	what is the most accurate measure of development?	infant mortality	98
13672950614	HIE	healthcare, infrastructure, and education	99
13672961691	how does improving health care improve economy	make people more productive because they can get better help (Help women more)	100
13673047184	how does improving access to infrastructure improve economy?	people and goods can get around better and women have access to electricity for house work	101
13673061899	how would improving women access to education improve economy?	women would get highly skilled jobs and help improve the economy, they would also have less kids and later in life	102
13673068983	Microfinance	provision of small loans and other financial services to individuals and small businesses in developing countries	103
13673073432	Gender Empowerment Measure	- percent of women that have access to HIE - aggregate measure of development	104
13673122395	Rostow Modernization Model	1960's Linear theory of development that developed countries go through a common pattern of structural changes. Stage 1: Traditional society, Stage 2: Transitional stage, Stage 3: Take off, Stage 4: Drive to maturity, Stage 5: High mass consumption. It explains the development of experience of Western countries and is a general model for others.	105
13673128073	Wallerstein's World Systems Theory	1960's wall off from global economy and no global trade core, periphery, and semi-periphery	106
13673145273	Neoliberalism	1980's-1990's A strategy for economic development that calls for free markets, balanced budgets, privatization, free trade, and minimal government intervention in the economy.	107
13673172502	sustainable development	1990's-today Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.	108
13673175291	slum	a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions	109