AP GOPO Flashcards
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| 13455431870 | Marbury v. Madison | (1803) establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review | 0 | |
| 13455431871 | McCulloch v. Maryland | 1819, Cheif justice john marshall limits of the US constition and of the authority of the federal and state govts. one side was opposed to establishment of a national bank and challenged the authority of federal govt to establish one. supreme court ruled that power of federal govt was supreme that of the states and the states couldnt interfere | 1 | |
| 13455431872 | Schenck v. United States | 1919--Case involving limits on free speech. Established the "clear and present danger" principle. 1ST AMENDMENT- SPEECH | 2 | |
| 13455431873 | Brown v. Board of Education | 1954 - The Supreme Court overruled Plessy v. Ferguson, declared that racially segregated facilities are inherently unequal and ordered all public schools desegregated. 14TH AMENDMENT- EQUAL PROTECTION | 3 | |
| 13455431874 | Baker v. Carr | 1962 One man, one vote | 4 | |
| 13455431875 | Engel v. Vitale | 1962: Prohibited state-sponsored recitation of prayer in public schools 1ST AMENDMENT- ESTABLISHMENT CLAUSE 14TH AMENDMENT- DUE PROCESS | 5 | |
| 13455431876 | Gideon v. Wainwright | 1963 ruling that a defendant in a felony trial must be provided a lawyer free of charge if the defendant cannot afford one. 6TH AMENDMENT- RIGHT TO AN ATTORNEY 14TH AMENDMENT- EQUAL PROTECTION | 6 | |
| 13455431877 | Tinker v. Des Moines | (1969) The Court ruled that wearing black arm-bands in protest of the Vietnam war was "pure speech" or symbolic speech 1ST AMENDMENT- SYMBOLIC SPEECH | 7 | |
| 13455431878 | New York Times v. US | 1971- Prior Restraint. Overruled Nixon's attempt to prevent publication of Vietnam documents 1ST AMENDMENT- PRESS | 8 | |
| 13455431879 | Wisconsin v. Yoder | (1972) The Court ruled that Wisconsin could not require Amish parents to send their children to public school beyond the eighth grade because it would violate their long-held religious beliefs 1ST AMENDMENT- EXERCISE CLAUSE | 9 | |
| 13455431880 | Roe v. Wade | (1973) legalized abortion 14TH AMENDMENT- RIGHT TO PRIVACY | 10 | |
| 13455431881 | Shaw v. Reno | 1993- No racial gerrymandering | 11 | |
| 13455431882 | United States v. Lopez | (1995) Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. COMMERCE CLAUSE | 12 | |
| 13455431883 | McDonald v. Chicago | 2010- The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" 2ND AMENDMENT- ARMS 14TH AMENDMENT- DUE PROCESS | 13 | |
| 13455431884 | Citizens United v. FEC | 2010- corporate funding of independent political broadcasts can't be limited MONEY=SPEECH 1ST AMENDMENT- SPEECH | 14 | |
| 13455431885 | Declaration of Independence | 1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain (listed grievances) | 15 | |
| 13455431886 | Articles of Confederation | 1st Constitution of the U.S. 1781-1788 (weaknesses-no executive, no judicial, no power to tax, no power to regulate trade) | 16 | |
| 13455431887 | Constitution of the United States of America | 1789- Supreme law of the land; 1st 10 amendments Bill of Rights | 17 | |
| 13455431888 | Federalist 10 | James Madison 1787; large republics are stronger, factions are dangerous, cannot be prevented but can be controlled and are necessary; governments purpose to protect property rights; representatives are smarter than the people | 18 | |
| 13455431889 | Federalist 51 | James Madison 1788; How does the Constitution preserve the separation of powers? Each branch has own will and not influenced by others. Can't be chosen by each other and pay is unchangeable. Pure Separation of powers isn't possible because some members must be chosen by other branches and there is a need for checks so there will not be a dominating legislative branch. | 19 | |
| 13455431890 | Federalist 70 | Alexander Hamilton 1788; energetic,forceful, single president is best. Disagreement is for the legislative branch, not the executive | 20 | |
| 13455431891 | Federalist 78 | Alexander Hamilton 1788; Why do judges serve during good behavior? Explains why courts have judicial review. Judicial branch, removed from people, more motivated to do what is morally right, lifetime appointment so they'll only attract loyal people, least dangerous, no sword nor purse (enforcement or money) | 21 | |
| 13455431892 | Brutus No. 1 | This work by a prominent Anti-Federalist argued that that the new federal government would be too powerful. In particular, he pointed to the necessary-and-proper clause and the supremacy clause. In addition, he objected to Congress's power to tax and raise a standing army and to the vast size of the proposed republic. He felt this powerful new government would supplant the states. Preferred confederation of small republics | 22 | |
| 13455431893 | Letter from Birmingham Jail | MLK's response to clergymen; freedom must be demanded from the oppressed, importance of nonviolent protest, just and unjust laws, white moderates | 23 | |
| 13614148603 | McCain-Feingold Act (ch 9) | 2002; prohibited soft money (money to a party directly vs a candidate) contributions | 24 | |
| 13614309752 | rational choice voting (ch 9)1 | voting based on citizen's individual interest | 25 | |
| 13614318594 | retrospective voting (ch 9) | voting for reelection based on past actions | 26 | |
| 13614326579 | prospective voting (ch 9) | voting based on predictions | 27 | |
| 13614330549 | party-line voting (ch 9) | voting based on party alignment for all offices | 28 | |
| 13614342730 | electoral college (ch 9) | determines presidency, winner-takes-all allocation of votes | 29 | |
| 13614426098 | Federal Election Campaign Act (ch 9) | 1974; disclose publicly how money is used, and regulated contributions | 30 | |
| 13614830660 | iron triangles (ch 10) | bureaucratic agencies, interest groups, and congressional committees; rule policy-making | 31 | |
| 13614836676 | amicus curiae brief (ch 10) | "friend of the court" brief filed by an interest group to influence a Supreme Court decision in support of one side | 32 | |
| 13849535269 | Amendment Process | step 1: amendment proposed by 2/3 vote of both houses of congress OR a constitutional convention called by congress on petition of 2/3 out of 50 states. THEN amendment ratified by 3/4 of the 50 state legislatures OR 3/4 of special constitutional conventions called by 50 states THEN the new amendment | 33 | |
| 13849541600 | Requirements for President | Natural born citizen, at least 35 years of age and lived in the U.S for 14 years. | 34 | |
| 13849541601 | Requirements for Senate | 30 years old 9 year citizen not and inhabitant of the same state you come from | 35 | |
| 13849545213 | requirements for house of reps | (1) be at least twenty-five years old, (2) have been a citizen of the United States for the past seven years, and (3) be (at the time of the election) an inhabitant of the state they represent | 36 | |
| 13849552159 | 1st Amendment | Freedom of religion (Engle v Vital, Lemon v Kurtzman, Wisconsin v. Yoder), speech (Johnson v Texas, Black v Virginia, Tinker v Des Moines, Schenck v. United States), press (NY times co v. US), rights of assembly, and to petition |  | 37 |
| 13849554367 | 2nd Amendment | Right to bear arms (mcdonald v. chicago) |  | 38 |
| 13849603956 | 3rd Amendment | No quartering of soldiers |  | 39 |
| 13849605588 | 4th Amendment | Freedom from unreasonable searches and seizures (mapp v ohio) |  | 40 |
| 13849608232 | 5th Amendment | Criminal Proceedings; Due Process; Eminent Domain; Double Jeopardy; Protection from Self incrimination (miranda v arizona) |  | 41 |
| 13849616706 | 6th Amendment | The right to a Speedy Trial by jury, representation by an attorney for an accused person (Gideon v Wainwright) | 42 | |
| 13849619386 | 7th Amendment | Right to jury in civil trials. |  | 43 |
| 13849623916 | 8th Amendment | No cruel or unusual punishment |  | 44 |
| 13849623917 | 9th Amendment | Citizens entitled to rights not listed in the Constitution; RIGHT TO PRIVACY (roe v wade, lawrence v texas) |  | 45 |
| 13849635321 | 10th Amendment | Powers not given to federal government go to people and States | 46 | |
| 13849640170 | 11th Amendment | One State cannot be sued by another state | 47 | |
| 13849642444 | 12th Amendment | Election of President and Vice President; electoral college |  | 48 |
| 13849645423 | 13th Amendment (1865) | Abolition of slavery w/o compensation for slave-owners |  | 49 |
| 13849662627 | 14th Amendment | 1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts EQUAL PROTECTION (brown v board of education, regents of UC v Blakke) |  | 50 |
| 13849679783 | 15th Amendment (1870) | U.S. cannot prevent a person from voting because of race, color, or creed |  | 51 |
| 13849683118 | 16th Amendment | Amendment to the United States Constitution (1913) gave Congress the power to tax income. |  | 52 |
| 13849684114 | 17th Amendment | Direct election of senators |  | 53 |
| 13849686126 | 18th Amendment | Prohibition of alcohol |  | 54 |
| 13849688034 | 19th Amendment (1920) | Gave women the right to vote |  | 55 |
| 13849689608 | 20th Amendment | Congress begins on January 30th; President starts on January 20th "Lame-duck" Amendment | 56 | |
| 13849693462 | 21st Amendment | Repeal of Prohibition |  | 57 |
| 13849695229 | 22nd Amendment | Limits the president to two terms or 10 years. |  | 58 |
| 13849696449 | 23rd Amendment | gave residents of Washington DC the right to vote |  | 59 |
| 13849697462 | 24th Amendment | Abolishes poll taxes |  | 60 |
| 13849700347 | 25th Amendment | (1) Succession of VP if president dies or become incapable to do his job.(2) if there is no VP, president must appoint one, and congress must approve |  | 61 |
| 13849701945 | 26th Amendment | Lowered the voting age from 21 to 18 |  | 62 |
| 13849704893 | 27th Amendment | congressional pay raises are not begun until the next election |  | 63 |
| 13864748972 | Article 1 of the Constitution | Make up of the senate and congress REVENUE STARTS IN HOUSE | 64 | |
| 13864749086 | Article 2 of the Constitution | Executive Branch SECTION 2- ENUMERATED POWERS | 65 | |
| 13864752132 | Article 3 of the Constitution | Judicial Branch | 66 | |
| 13864755061 | Article 4 of the Constitution | Outlines the rights and expectations for all states and citizens including the adding of new states PRIVILEGES AND IMMUNITIES FULL FAITH AND CREDIT EXTRADITION | 67 | |
| 13864756934 | Article 5 of the Constitution | Amendment Process | 68 | |
| 13864756935 | Article 6 of the Constitution | clearly states that national law will be supreme over state law SUPREMACY CLAUSE | 69 | |
| 13864759237 | Article 7 of the Constitution | Ratifying the Constitution | 70 | |
| 13864761858 | 71 |