APES Chapter 1 Flashcards

14713225337	Environmental Science	examines interactions among human and natural science systems	0
14713229598	Enviornmentalism	a social movement that seeks to protect the environment	1
14713245995	Ecosystem	location on earth with interacting biotic (living) and abiotic (non living) components.	2
14713253274	environment	the sum of all the conditions surrounding us that influence life	3
14713237754	Bitoic	living (trees, plants, animals, human)	4
14713237755	Abiotic	Non-living (water, wind, temperature, soil, pollution, sunlight)	5
14713258108	Environmentalist	seeks to protect the environment through lobbying and activism	6
14713261506	environmental scientist	- Follows observation - hypothesis testing - field and laboratory research	7
14713270882	System	a set of components that function and interact in some regular way	8
14713275519	4 categories of ecosystem services	- provisioning - regulating - cultural - supporting	9
14713278508	provisioning services	timber, fur, meat, crops, clean water, and fiber	10
14713280205	regulating services	climate regulation, flood control, and water purification	11
14713288649	cultural services	spiritual/aesthetic or recreational benefits	12
14713292548	supporting services	nutrient cycles and crop pollination	13
14713391478	Direct Benefit	providing food, water, and materials for shelter	14
14713394481	indirect benefits	providing a diversity of conditions, nutrients, and species which make a healthier ecosystem for all organisms including humans	15
14713397291	5 global environmental indicators (describe the current state of our ecosystem)	- biological diversity - food production - average global surface temperature and carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere - human population - resource depletion	16
14713405896	Biodiversity	The diversity of life forms in an environment	17
14713411846	Genetic Diversity	a measure of the genetic variation among individuals in a population	18
14713414758	species diversity	The number and relative abundance of species in a biological community. (more species the better)	19
14713422422	Habitat Diversity	the different kinds of habitats in a given unit area	20
14713424661	Resilience	ability to return original condition	21
14713441811	Speciation	the evolution of new species	22
14713443820	Background Exinction Rate	the average rate at which species become extinct. (very slow)	23
14713447230	indicator species	Plants and animals that by its presence, abundance, scarcity, or chemical composition demonstrate that distinctive aspect of character quality of an ecosystem it presents.	24
14713463738	Greenhouse gas	traps heat that has been radiated from Earth and keeps it from being lost to space (CO2 is one)	25
14713472955	Anthropogenic	derived from human activities and can disrupt ecosystem services, potentially resulting in ecological consequences (pollutants)	26
14713780209	1. fossil fuel combustion 2. net loss of forest	Where does anthropogenic CO2 come from?	27
14713790684	environmental factors especially available resources and space	What is population growth limited by?	28
14713797605	renewable resource	environment continues to supply - grown & harvested indefinitely - timber, humanism (recycled)	29
14713804058	Non-renewable resources	cannot be reused or replaced easily (ex. gems, iron, copper, fossil fuels, coal, oil)	30
14741120370	Overshoot	when a population becomes larger than the environment's carrying capacity (K)	31
14713822778	effects of population overshoot	environmental impacts: resource depletion ecological impact: drawback of population because lack of resources. cause famine disease and/or conflict	32
14713839696	Resource use of MEDC'S vs. LEDC's	- developed use more resources but also have financial resources to implement protections	33
14713849713	Sustainability	using resources without depleting for future generations (complex)	34
14713863554	Sustainable development	Development that balances current human well-being and economic advancement with resource management for the benefit of future generations	35
14713873594	exponential	Population Growth is rate is _____	36
14713875485	Urbanization	the growth of cities/urban areas... can lead to resource depletion and salt water intrusion in the hydrologic cycle	37
14713880991	Ecological Footprint	compare resource demands & waste production required for an individual or society	38
14718479170	_____ is essential to organisms survival	energy	39
14718481494	________ absorb energy from environment	living organisms	40
14718487409	Most energy on earth derives from the ______.	sun	41
14718489113	Potential Energy	stored energy that has not been released	42
14718494885	Chemical Energy	potential energy stored in chemical bonds	43
14718496368	kinetic energy	energy of motion	44
14718497887	Temperature	measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance	45
14718501032	1st law of thermodynamics	Energy cannot be created or destroyed	46
14718504325	2nd law of thermodynamics	when energy is transformed, the quantity of energy remains the same, but its ability to do work diminishes	47
14718507149	systems	_____ have energy and matter (inputs/outputs)	48
14718509373	Law of Thermodynamics	explains the less of energy that occurs when energy moves from lower trophic levels to higher trophic levels	49
14718522956	Open System	a system in which exchanges of matter or energy occur across system boundaries (EX: the ocean/earth; more common)	50
14718522957	Closed System	a system in which matter and energy exchanges do not occur across boundaries (EX: underground cave; less common)	51
14718529158	Input	Something put into a system (ex: resources)	52
14718529159	output	a loss from a system	53
14718533167	Steady State	a state in which inputs equal outputs, so that the system is not changing over time	54
14718538069	Feedbacks	adjustments in input or output rates caused by changes to a system	55
14718539803	positive feedback loop	change in a system is amplified	56
14718541731	negative feedback loop	pushes a system back to equilibrium; resists change	57