AP Language Rhetorical Devices Flashcards

15835640389	Assumption	A belief or statement taken for granted without proof.	0
15835640390	Ad Hominem	A fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute	1
15835640391	Ad Populem	"To the people," something must be good because everyone is doing it	2
15835640392	Allusion	A reference to commonly known idea or text, the most common are historical, biblical, or literary.	3
15835640393	Ambiguity	An event or situation that may be interpreted in more than one way.	4
15835640394	Anaphora	the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses	5
15835640395	Antimetabole	The repetition of words in an inverted order to sharpen a contrast.	6
15835640396	Antithesis	Direct opposite	7
15835640397	Appeal to False Authority	This fallacy occurs when someone who has no expertise to speak on an issue is cited as an authority.	8
15835640398	Archaic Diction	The use of words common to an earlier time period; antiquated language.	9
15835640399	Asyndeton	Omission of conjunctions	10
15835640400	Backing	Further assurances or data without which the assumption lacks authority	11
15835640401	Bandwagon Appeal	The argument that since something is popular or everybody is doing it, so should you.	12
15835640402	Caricature	a representation of a person that is exaggerated for comic effect	13
15835640403	Chiasmus	A statement consisting of two parallel parts in which the second part is structurally reversed	14
15835640404	Circular Reasoning	Repeating the claim as a way to provide evidence, resulting in no evidence at all.	15
15835640405	Claim	An assertion, usually supported by evidence	16
15835640406	Claims of Fact	Assert that something is true or not true	17
15835640407	Claims of Value	argues that something is good or bad, right or wrong, desirable or undesirable	18
15835640408	Claims of Policy	recommend that a specific course of action be taken or approved	19
15835640409	Closed Thesis	A limited thesis that previews the major points the speaker/author will make	20
15835640410	Open Thesis	An open thesis is one that does not list all the points the writer intends to cover in an essay.	21
15835640411	Colloquialism	informal words or expressions not usually acceptable in formal writing	22
15835640412	Complex Sentence	A sentence with one independent clause and at least one dependent clause	23
15835640413	Concede	To admit as true; to yield, submit	24
15835640414	Confirmation	Proof Proof; evidence; verification	25
15835640415	Connotation	All the meanings, associations, or emotions that a word suggests	26
15835640416	Counter Argument Thesis	Summary of counterargument, preceding writer's opinion	27
15835640417	Counterargument	A challenge to a position; an opposing argument.	28
15835640418	Cumulative Sentence	Sentence that completes the main idea at the beginning of the sentence and then builds and adds on.	29
15835640419	Declarative Sentence	A sentence that makes a statement.	30
15835640420	Diatribe	A bitter verbal attack	31
15835640421	Double Entendre	a word or phrase open to two interpretations, one of which is usually risqué or indecent.	32
15835640422	Euphemism	an inoffensive expression that is substituted for one that is considered offensive	33
15835640423	Faulty Analogy	A fallacy that occurs when an analogy compares two things that are not comparable.	34
15835640424	First Hand Evidence	evidence based on something the writer knows	35
15835640425	Hasty Generalization	A fallacy in which a faulty conclusion is reached because of inadequate evidence.	36
15835640426	Imperative Sentence	A sentence that requests or commands.	37
15835640427	Incongruity	To present things that are out of place or are absurd in relation to its surroundings	38
15835640428	Induction/Inductive Reasoning	Reasoning from specific to general.	39
15835640429	Innuendo	A hint, indirect suggestion, or reference	40
15835640430	Invective	An emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language.	41
15835640431	Inversion	Inverted order of words in a sentence (variation of the subject-verb-object order)	42
15835640432	Irony	A contrast between expectation and reality; incongruity between what might be expected and what actually occurs	43
15835640433	Jargon	the specialized language or vocabulary of a particular group or profession	44
15835640434	Juxtaposition	Placement of two things closely together to emphasize comparisons or contrasts	45
15835640435	Logical Fallacy	An error in reasoning that renders an argument invalid	46
15835640436	Metonymy	substituting the name of one object for another object closely associated with it	47
15835640437	Non Sequitur	a conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from the previous argument or statement.	48
15835640438	Oxymoron	a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms appear in conjunction	49
15835640439	Paradox	A figure of speech or statement that seems contradictory but actually contains a hidden truth	50
15835640440	Parallelism	The repetition of similar grammatical or syntactical patterns.	51
15835640441	Parody	a humorous imitation of a serious work	52
15835640442	Paronomasia	an intentional form of pun that uses words similar in sound but different in meaning for a humorous effect	53
15835640443	Periodic Sentence	A sentence that presents its central meaning in a main clause at the end.	54
15835640444	Polemic	An argument against an idea, usually regarding philosophy, politics, or religion.	55
15835640445	Polysyndeton	the use, for rhetorical effect, of more conjunctions than is necessary or natural	56
15835640446	Propaganda	Ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a cause.	57
15835640447	Pun	A play on words	58
15835640448	Qualifier	a restriction placed on the claim to state that it may not always be true as stated Words that avoid absolutes and admit potential exceptions	59
15835640449	Quantitative Evidence	Includes things that can be measured, cited, counted, or otherwise represented in numbers	60
15835640450	Rebuttal	An argument technique wherein opposing arguments are anticipated and countered	61
15835640451	Red Herring	use of an irrelevant point to divert attention from the real issue	62
15835640452	Refute	To discredit an argument, particularly a counterargument.	63
15835640453	Reversal	To present the opposite of the normal order	64
15835640454	Scheme	A pattern of words or sentence construction used for rhetorical effect.	65
15835640455	Second Hand Evidence	Evidence that is accessed through research, reading, and investigation.	66
15835640456	Slapstick	comedy based on deliberately clumsy actions and humorously embarrassing events	67
15835640457	Straw Man Fallacy	Occurs when the arguer attacks a misrepresentation of the opponent's view.	68
15835640458	Syllogism	A form of deductive reasoning consisting of a major premise, a minor premise, and a conclusion. A form of reasoning in which two statements are made and a conclusion is drawn from them.	69
15835640459	Symbol	Something that represents something else	70
15835640460	Synecdoche	using a part of something to represent the whole thing	71
15835640461	Tone	Attitude a writer takes toward the audience, a subject, or a character	72
15835640462	Transition	The connection between two parts of a piece of writing, contributing to coherence.	73
15835640463	Shift	In writing, a movement from one thought or idea to another; a change.	74
15835640464	Travesty	A crude, exaggerated, or ridiculous representation; mockery	75
15835640465	Understatement	the presentation of something as being smaller, worse, or less important than it actually is.	76
15835640466	Overstatement	the action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration. making to seem more important than it really is the action of expressing or stating something too strongly; exaggeration.	77
15835640467	Assumption	a thing that is accepted as true or as certain to happen, without proof.	78
15835640468	Zeugma	Artfully using one verb with two or more different objects	79