APES Vocabulary 14 Flashcards

12463291485	Physical weathering	The mechanical breakdown of rocks and minerals.	0
12463291486	Chemical weathering	The breakdown of rocks and minerals by chemical reactions, the dissolving of chemical elements from rocks, or both.	1
12463291487	Acid precipitation	Precipitation high in sulfuric acid and nitric acid from reactions between water vapor, sulfur, and nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere.	2
12463291488	Erosion	The physical removal of rock fragments from a landscape or ecosystem.	3
12463291489	Parent material	Rock underlying soil; the material from which the inorganic components of a soil are derived.	4
12463291490	Soil degradation	The loss of some or all of a soil's ability to support plant growth.	5
12463291491	Horizon	A horizontal layer in a soil defined by distinctive physical features such as texture and color.	6
12463291492	O horizon	The organic horizon at the surface of many soils, composed of organic detritus in various stages of decomposition.	7
12463291493	A horizon	Frequently the top layer of soil, characterized by mixing of organic material and mineral material.	8
12463291494	E horizon	The zone of leaching that forms under the O horizon or, less often, the A horizon.	9
12463291495	B horizon	Frequently the second major soil horizon, composed primarily of mineral material with very little organic matter.	10
12463291496	C horizon	The least-weathered soil horizon, which always occurs beneath the B horizon and is similar to the parent material.	11
12463291497	CEC of a soil	The ability of a particular soil to absorb and release cations.	12
12463291498	Base saturation	The proportion of soil bases to soil acids, expressed as a percentage.	13
12463291499	Native species	A species that occurs naturally within a region, either evolving there or arriving and becoming established without human assistance	14
12463291500	Exotic species	An introduced species living outside its native habitat, which has arrived there by human activity, either deliberate or accidental.	15
12463291501	Invasive species	an organism (plant, animal, fungus, or bacterium) that is not native and has negative effects on our economy, our environment, or our health.	16
12463291502	Habitat loss	The process in which natural habitat is rendered functionally unable to support the species present.	17
12463291503	Habitat fragmentation	The process by which habitat loss results in the division of large, continuous habitats into smaller, more isolated remnants.	18
12463291504	Lacey Act	A U.S. act that prohibits interstate shipping of all illegally harvested plants and animals.	19
12463291505	CITES	A 1973 treaty formed to control the international trade of threatened plants and animals. (Stands for Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)	20
12463291506	IUCN Red List	The world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological species.	21
12463291507	Marine Mammal Protection Act	A 1972 U.S. act to protect declining populations of marine mammals.	22
12463291508	Convention on Biological Diversity	A 1992 international treaty formed to help protect biodiversity.	23
12463291509	Edge Habitat	The intersection of two different habitat types	24
12463291510	Biosphere reserve	A protected area consisting of zones that vary in the amount of permissible human impact.	25
12463291511	Habitat corridor	An area of habitat connecting wildlife populations separated by human activities or structures	26
12463291512	Debt for nature swap	A transaction in which a foreign exchange debt owed by a developing country is transferred to another organization on the condition that the country use local currency for a designated purpose, usually environmental protection.	27