chapter 6-apes Flashcards

12177744494	age structure	distribution of males and females among age groups in a population	0
12177744495	birth rate, or crude birth rate	number of live births per 1,000 people in a population in a given year	1
12177744496	cultural carrying capacity	optimum level that would allow most people to live in reasonable comfort and freedom without impairing the ability of the planet to sustain future generations.	2
12177744497	death rate, or crude death rate	the number of deaths per 1,000 people in a population in a given year	3
12177744498	demographic transition	as countries become industrialized, first their death rates and then their birth rates decline	4
12177790228	demographic transition phase 1	slow population growth -high birth rates -high death rates	5
12177797237	demographic transition phase 2	rapid population growth -birth rates remain high -death rates decline	6
12177805495	demographic transition phase 3	stable population growth -as economy/education grows and people have fewer kids	7
12177815601	demographic transition phase 4	declining population growth (Still growing just not as much) -relatively high level of affluence and economic development encourage women to delay having kids	8
12177744499	family planning	provides educational and clinical services that help couples choose how many children to have and when to have them.	9
12177744500	fertility rate	the number of children born to a woman during her lifetime.	10
12177744501	infant mortality rate	the number of children per 1,000 live births who die before one year of age.	11
12177744502	life expectancy	the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live	12
12177744503	replacement-level fertility rate	average number of children that couples in a population must bear to replace themselves.	13
12178051196	total fertility rate	average number of children born to women in a population during their reporductive years.	14
12177744504	developed country replacement fertility rate	2.1	15
12177744505	developing country replacement fertility rate	2.5	16
12177744506	environmental refugees	people who migrate due to shortages of food and water	17
12177858652	Thomas Malthus	1798 said human population can outgrow food supply; result will be war, famine, disease.	18
12177890356	how did chinese growth rate decline?	gov issued population control program : -educational outreach to marry later and have fewer kids. -increase in availability of contraception, sterilization, nad abortion. 1975-pop growth rate dropped from 2.8% to 1.8%.	19
12177912313	1979 one-child policy in china	if followed this policy the family had better access to schools, medical care, housing, governmental jobs, and given longer maternity leave.	20
12177944431	reasons for pop growth	-mainly because of decrease in death rate. -increased food + more efficient distribution. -improvements in medical/publix health tech. -improvements in sanitation/personal hygiene. -safter water supply.	21
12177967758	factors affecting birth rate/fertility rates	-cost of raising and educating. -urbanization. -education/employment opportunities. -marriage age. -infant mortality rate. -access to family planning.	22
12177988703	impacts of human pop growth	-denser population (war, conflict, refugees). -more agricultural production (habitat alteration, loss of biodiversity/ecosystem services). -more resource extraction, manufacturing, and consumption (habitat alteration, more fossil fuel use, global climate change, more waste/pollution).	23
12178021121	AIDS	-transmitted: sexual contact, sharing needles, syringes. -no cure. -only 5% know they have it. *AIDS kills primarily young adults and leaves many children orphaned; loss of young-adult workers results in not enough workers to support the young and the elderly.	24
12178092203	pros and cons of economic growth	pros: -higher standard of living -more workers to help elderly and young cons: -increase disease -puts a strain on resources, so prices go up	25